高一化学必修一知识点总结

112341.122.1+Mg+Cl2MgCl22+CaO+CO2=CaCO33++2HCl+Ba(OH)2=BaCl2+H2O4+AgNO3+NaCl=AgCl+NaNO35+2Cu+O22CuO6+CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2CuOFe2O3H2O()7++Ca(OH)2+Na2CO3=CaCO3+2NaOH8+S+O2SO29+SO3+H2O=H2SO410++CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2()11++Zn+CuSO4=ZnSO4+Cu(KNaCa)12++Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2()13++CuO+2HCl=CuCl2+H2O14++CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3H2O15(7)16(10)1n2mol31molNA6.021023mol-1n=ANN11molgmol-1Mn=Mm123(1)VmLmol-1Vm=nV(0101kPa)Vm22.4Lmol-1mVM=mV(2)1TPVN(n)TPnV2Tp21NN=21VV=21nn(1)/nm11~100100()NaClFe(OH)3(2)1nm~100nm*()()1()2Na2CO3NaHCO3NaHCO3Na2CO3Na2CO3CO32-CO2CCl43()()CCl4Br2()1Cl-AgNO3Ag++Cl-=AgCl)CO32-BaCl2Ba2++CO32-=BaCO3BaCO3+2H+=Ba2++CO2+H2OCO32-+2H+=CO2+H2OCO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3)+H2OOH-pHOH-SO42-Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4)2H+pHFe3+Fe3++3SCN-Fe(SCN)3NH4+NH4++OH-NH3+H2ONH3()1BBcBmol-1mol-32VBncB()1.()()2.1()()2()()34()52~3()61~2cm3.12a)(50mL100mL250mL500mL)b)c)d)4.1m2n34Vc5VcVc(mol)2()122NaCl+2H2O2NaOH+H2+Cl2)()1MnO2+4HCl()MnCl2+Cl22H2O2+3Cl2Cl245NaOHCl2Cl2+2NaOHNaCl+NaClO()+H2O()1Cl22(Cl2Cl2)()Cl212Na+Cl22NaCl(NaCl)Cu+Cl2CuCl2(CuCl2)2Fe+3Cl22FeCl3(FeCl3)(FeCu)(FeCl3CuCl2)FeCl2FeCl2FeCuCl2SCl2FeCl22H2+Cl22HClH2Cl23Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClOH2OCl2HClOH+Cl-ClO-OH-(H+OH-)HClOH2CO3HClO+1HClO2HClO2HCl+O2H2OH+Cl-OH-Cl24Cl2NaOHCl2+2NaOHNaCl+NaClO+H2OCl2+2OH-Cl-+ClO-+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCa(ClO)2Ca(ClO)2CaCl2Ca(ClO)2+2HClCaCl2+2HClOCa(ClO)2+H2O+CO2CaCO3+2HClOCa(ClO)2+H2O+CO2CaCO3+2HClO2HClO2HCl+O25Cl-AgNO3HNO3AgNO3+NaCl=AgCl+NaNO3()1.(Br2)2.(I2)()Br21Cl2BrBr2Br22Cl2+2KBr=2KCl+Br2()I212Cl2+2KI=2KCl+I2()()()()()()()()()()()()1.=2.=3.()=()4.()()()700~800oC4Na+O2=2Na2O()2Na+Cl2====2NaCl2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2NaOHH2NaOHCuSO42Na+2H2O+CuSO4===Cu(OH)2+Na2SO4+H24Na+TiCl4========4NaCl+Ti2NaCl()====2Na+Cl21234(Na2CO3)(NaHCO3)()2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2+H2O(PH)Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2NaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2Na2CO3+H2O+CO2=2NaHCO3NaOHNaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2OCa(OH)2Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3+2NaOHO22Mg+O2====2MgOMg+Cl2====MgCl23Mg+N2====Mg3N22Mg+CO2====2MgO+CHClMg+2H2OMg(OH)2+H2Mg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2Mg+Cu2+=Mg2++CuMgCl2+Ca(OH)2=Mg(OH)2+CaCl2Mg(OH)2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OMgCl2?6H2O====MgCl2+6H2OMgCl2()=====Mg+Cl21-2-()CO2NaHCO3NaHCO3NaHCO3Na2CO3NaCl+NH3+CO2+H2O=NaHCO3+NH4Cl2NaHCO3Na2CO3+CO2+H2O(1)CO2SO2NH3H2SO4NaOHNaClHClCO2SO3(2)(3)()H2SO4HNO3HClKOHNaOHNaClKClNH32OCH3COOHH2CO3H2O(1)(Ca(OH)2NH4ClNH3)H3PO4NH32ONH3()NH32Oa.Na2SO4CaCl2Ca2++SO42-=CaSO4b.CO2CO2+2OH-=CaCO3H2ONa2CO3Ca(OH)2+CO32-=CaCO3+2OH-c.Ca(OH)2CaSO4MgCO3Ag2SO4MgSO3NaHCO3HClHCO3-+H+=H2O+CO2HSO4-FeSO4Cl2Fe2++Cl2=Fe3++2Cl-2Fe2++Cl2=2Fe3++2Cl-(2)(3)FeCl3FeFe3++Fe=2Fe2+CuSO4Ba(OH)2Ba2++SO42-=BaSO4Cu2++2OH-=Cu(OH)2NaCuSO42Na+Cu2+=2Na++Cu(4)CO2NH3SO2H2OH2SH2SiO3H2CO3Fe3+I-()(Al2O3)(2980)(2054)1.(NaOH)Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O2.(H2SO4)Al2O3+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2O3.1.(NaAlO2)(1)CO2NaAlO2+CO2+2H2O=Al(OH)3+NaHCO3CO2(2)HClNaAlO2+HCl+H2O=Al(OH)3+NaClAl(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O2.(AlCl3)(1)AlCl3+3NH3+3H2O=Al(OH)3+3NH4ClNH3(2)AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH)3+3NaClAl(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2ONaOHNaOH()1.Al2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O2.NaAlO2+CO2+2H2O=Al(OH)3+NaHCO33.2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2O4.2Al2O34Al+3O2()(Al2O3nH2O)7.45()1.()2.(1)()2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2(2)(NaOHKOHBa(OH)2)2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2(3)(4)(CuCl2AgNO3)2Al+3CuCl2=3Cu+2AlCl3(5)()Fe2O3+2Al2Fe+Al2O3()()1.2.3.4.1.22COOCCOCCO22232323COFeCOOFe23COCaOCaCO)(32CaSiOSiOCaO2%~4.5%2%2.Cu2+CuFeClFeCuCl22()()1.(1)FeSSFeOFeOFeOFeOFeFeClClFe)(23)(232323243232()(2)222HFeHFe(3)Fe+Cu2+Fe2++CuFe+2Fe3+3Fe2+(4)5%(43OFe)(32OFe)2.(1)Cu+Cl2CuCl2()2Cu+S=Cu2S()(2)Cu+2AgNO3=2Ag+Cu(NO3)2Cu+2FeCl3=CuCl2+2FeCl2(3)3Cu+8HNO3()=3Cu(NO3)2+2NO+4H2OCu+4HNO3()=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2OCu+2H2SO4()=3CuSO4+SO2+2H2O()Fe2+Fe3+1.Fe2+Fe3+Fe2+(Cl2Br2O2HNO3KMnO4H2SO4H2O2)Fe3+2Fe2++Cl2=2Fe3++2Cl-2.Fe3+Fe2+Fe3+(ZnFeCuS2-I-H2S)Fe2+Fe+2Fe3+=3Fe2+Cu+2Fe3+=Cu2++2Fe2+S2-+2Fe3+=S+2Fe2+2I-+2Fe3+=I2+2Fe2+()Fe3+1.KSCNKSCNFe3+Fe2+Fe2+Fe3+Fe3++3SCN-Fe(SCN)3()2.Fe3+Fe2+Fe3++3OH-Fe(OH)3)Fe2++2OH-Fe(OH)2)4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O4Fe(OH)3()()M-ne-=Mn+()1.()2.())(3)(2)(42)(4)(22223223233222222OxHOFeOHOFeOHFeOHFeOOHOHFeOHFeOOHFe()(1)(2)(3)(4)1.2.3.(1)O2Cl2HNO3H2SO4(2)Si+O2SiO2(3)Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H2(4)F2HFSi+2F2=SiF4Si+4HF=SiF4+2H24.5.(1)2C+SiO2Si+2CO()(2)Si+2Cl2SiCl4()(3)SiCl4+2H2Si+4HCl()1.SiO2SiO22.3.(HF)(1)SiO2+2NaOH=Na2SiO3+H2O(2)HFSiO2+4HF=SiF4+2H2OSiO2SiO2HF()(3)CaO+SiO2CaSiO3()(4)Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2CaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO24.5.SiO26.(H2SiO3)Na2SiO3+CO2+H2O=H2SiO3+Na2CO3Na2SiO3+2HCl=H2SiO3+2NaCl1.(3CaOSiO2)(2CaOSiO2)(3CaOAl2O3)2.Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2CaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO2Na2SiO3CaSiO3SiO2Na2OCaO6SiO23.()[Na2SiO3]Na2OSiO2[Mg2SiO4]2MgOSiO2[Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4]Al2O32SiO22H2O[K2Al2Si6O16]K2OAl2O36SiO24()pH5.6(CO2).pH5.6.1.2.13.1()2SO2()SO2+Ca(OH)2=CaSO3+H2O-2CaSO3+O2=2CaSO4(CaSO42H2O)SO2+2NH3+H2O=(NH4)2SO3SO2+NH3+H2O=NH4HSO32(NH4)2SO3+O2=2(NH4)2SO4()()(140SO2)1.SO2+H2O=H2SO3H++HSO3-()SO2+Ca(OH)2=CaSO3+H2OCaSO3+SO2+H2O=Ca(HSO3)2H2O2+SO2=H2SO4SO2+Br2+2H2O=2HBr+H2SO4SO2KMnO4SO2+2H2S=3S+2H2O(SO2H2S)SO2SO2+H2OH2SO32SO2+O22SO3SO3+H2O=H2SO42H2SO3+O2=2H2SO4Ca(ClO)2(HClO)Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO2HClO=2HCl+O2SO2(H2SO3)Al(OH)3()()1.S+O2SO2(4FeS2+11O22Fe2O3+8SO2)2SO2+O22SO3SO3SO3+H2O=H2SO42.(P844-4)()1.1H2SO4=2H++SO42-H2SO4H+