高中化学选修四知识点全归纳!高中最难部分!

2018-06-1521:5811(2(N2+O2=2NOCO2+C=2CO)3Ba(OH)28H2ONH4Cl21.2.H=E-E3.H=-4.()()+-H+-5.Q()=n()|H|11__________________________________________21)(2)(3(1)E1E3E1-E2(E2(2)21()()23312(1)vv(2)v=v(3)vv345(CPT)()1,2SO2NH3CO2BaSO4BaSO4BaSO434ABCD56KaKbABA++B-Ki=[A+][B-]/[AB]7abCH2SO3H3PO4HFCH3COOHH2CO3H2SHClO1KW=c[H+]c[OH-]25,[H+]=[OH-]=10-7mol/L;KW=[H+][OH-]=1*10-14KWKWKW21233KW1*10-14KW1*10-144pH1pH=-lgc[H+]2pH3.1~4.45.0~8.08.2~10.0pHPHpHpH1[H+]H+[H+]=[H+]1V1+[H+]2V2/V1+V22[OH-]OH[OH-][OH-]1V1+[OH-]2V2/V1+V2(:[H+]3H++OH-==H2OH+OH-H+H+[H+]OH-OH-[OH-]pH110npH=pH+n7210npHpH+n7310npH=pHn7410npHpHn75pH7pH6pHpH1pH2.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m1pH1+pH2=14pH=7pH1+pH215pH=pH2-0.3pH1+pH213pH=pH1+0.32pH1+pH2=14VV=1pH1+pH214VV=11014-pH1+pH21H++OH=H2OH+OH-21O23V(43ncV=ncVncVcVcVcVVccVVc1H+OH-2H+OH-,3(:Na2CO3NaHCO3)41235H+OH-6HSO4-:HSO3-H2PO4-HCO3-HS-HPO42-712Fe3+Al3+AlO2-CO32-(HCO3-)S2-(HS-)SO32-(HSO3-)S2-NH4+CO32-(HCO3-)NH4+2Al3++3S2-+6H2O==2Al(OH)3+3H2S81Al3++3H2O?Al(OH)3()+3H+2CO32-+H2O?HCO3-+OH-3FeCl3Fe3++3H2O?Fe(OH)3+3H+Na2CO3NaOHCO32-+H2O?HCO3-+OH-4MgCl26H2OMgCl2HClMgCl26H2OMg(OH)2+2HCl+4H2OMg(OH)2MgO+H2O5Al2(SO4)3NaHCO3Al3++3HCO3-=Al(OH)3+3CO26NH4ClNH4++H2O?NH3H2O+H+c(Cl-)c(NH4+)c(H+)c(OH)-1Al3++3H2O?Al(OH)3()+3H+CO32-+H2O?HCO3-+OH-3FeCl3Fe3++3H2O?Fe(OH)3+3H+Na2CO3NaOHCO32-+H2O?HCO3-+OH-4MgCl26H2OMgCl2HClMgCl26H2OMg(OH)2+2HCl+4H2OMg(OH)2MgO+H2O5Al2(SO4)3NaHCO3Al3++3HCO3-=Al(OH)3+3CO26NH4ClNH4++H2O?NH3H2O+H+c(Cl-)c(NH4+)c(H+)c(OH)-9KhKh=Kw/Ka(KwKaKh=Kw/KbKwKb12::()()H+OH-110.01g21*10-5[H+]10-7mol/L10-5mol/L=10-5mol/L=34CaSO4Ca(OH)2Ag2SO45Ca(OH)262(s)?Ag2S(s)?2Ag+(aq+S2-(aq)31Ksp2pHMgOMgCl2FeCl33445AgNO3AgCl()AgBrAgIAg2S6Ksp12AmBn(s)mAn+(aq)+nBm-(aq)Ksp=[c(An+)]m?[c(Bm-)]n34QCKSPQC=KSPQCKSP1.12(1)()(2)(3)3(1)Zn2e===Zn2Cu22e===CuZnCuKClKClZn2e===Zn2Cu22e===CuZnCuKClKCl(2)KClKNO3a.b.2.1(1)(2)(3)()2(1)(CuCl2(2)3(1)()(2)3.1(1)2MnO22H2O2e===2MnOOH2OHZn2OH2e===Zn(OH)2Zn2MnO22H2O===2MnOOHZn(OH)2(2)Zn2OH2e===Zn(OH)2Ag2OH2O2e===2Ag2OHZnAg2OH2O===Zn(OH)22Ag(3)(PbPbO2aPbSO422e===PbSO4bPbO24HSO422e===PbSO42H2OcPbPbO22H2SO4===2PbSO42H2OaPbSO42e===PbSO42bPbSO42H2O2e===PbO24HSO42c2PbSO42H2O=====PbPbO22H2SO422H24e===4H2H24OH4e===4H2OO24e4H===2H2OO22H2O4e===4OH2H2O2===2H2O2H24e===4HO22H2O4e===4OH2H2O2===2H2O4.1(1)2Cl2e===Cl2(2H2e===H2((2)2NaCl2H2O2NaOHH2Cl2(3)2(1)(2)AgNO3(3)Age===AgAge===Ag(4)3(1)(2)Cu2(3)Zn2e===Zn2Fe2e===Fe2Ni2e===Ni2Cu2e===Cu2Cu22e===Cu4NaCaMgAl(1)2NaCl()2NaCl22Cl2e===Cl22Na2e===2Na(2)2Al2O3()4Al3O26O212e===3O24Al312e===4Al5.12(1)(2)(pH4.3)Fe2e===Fe22H2e===H2O22H2O4e===4OHFe2H===Fe2H22FeO22H2O===2Fe(OH)23(1)abab(2)(3)ps:90+