(完整版)初中定语从句讲解及练习

初中定语从句讲解及练习定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?(6)doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三、关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.(2)theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(3)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.(4)tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.(5)we'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.(6)we'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t)(2)thisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(f)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；(1)themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t)(2)themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(f)(3)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.(t)(4)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.(f)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.(3)therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.解答介词+关系代词类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.a.thatb.whoc.fromwhomd.towhom简析:本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语turntosb.forhelp(向某人求助）。所以，d是正确选项。定语从句练习练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()3Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()4.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()5.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who6.—WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?—I’mnotsure.Isitinthehall_____canhold300people?A.whereB.whatC.thatD.when7.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikemovies_______scarymonsters.A.whichhasB.thathaveC.whathasD.whyhave8.Doyouknowtheman______istalkingtoMissWu?A.heB.whomC.whoD.which9.—Whichisyournewneighbor,LiuHua?—Theman_______T-shirtisred.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.whose10.—Doyouknowthegirl_______istalkingwithourteacher?—Oh,she’smysister.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.where11.People______overweightneedmorewaterthanthinpeople.A.whoisB.whichareC.thatisD.whoare12.Sorry,wedonthavethecoat________youneed.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.which13.Thisisthedictionary________Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom14.Doyouknowtheman________issittingbehindNancy?A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom15.Thebook________heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A./B.whyC.whenD.what状语从句专练Ⅰ.选择填空：1.Themancan’tgetonthebusbecausethere________noroomonit.A.wasB.isC.areD.were2.Iwaslisteningtothemusic________therewasaknockatthedoor.A.whileB.whenC.becauseD.until3.Idon’tknowifhe________tomorrow,ifhe_________,I’llmeethim.A.willcome,comesB.comes,comesC.willcome,willcomeD.come,willcome4Theteacherunderstandsthat________Mathshadalwaysbeeneasyforhim,itisnoteasyforthestudents.sinceB.unlessC.thoughD.when5.________Iread,themoreIunderstand.A.ThemoreB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Forall6.WouldyougiveJohnnythisletterifyou________toseehimthisweek.A.willhappenB.happenC.arehappenedD.happened7.Shewasbusy,________shecouldn’tgotoyourbirthdaypartylastnight.A.andB.soC.orD.but8.Englishis________ausefullanguage________itisspokeninmanycountriesoftheworld.A.so…thatB.such…thatC.so…becauseD.such…because9.Youwillsucceedi