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钢构造课程设计梯形钢屋架计算书所在学院建筑工程学院所属专业土木工程班级学号土木10-3学生姓名郑春旭指引教师黄雪芳王晓东设计时间.11.26成绩:-、设计资料1、某工厂车间,采用梯形钢屋架无檩屋盖方案,厂房跨度取27m,长度为102m,柱距6m。采用1.5m×6m预应力钢筋混凝土大型屋面板,保温层、找平层及防水层自重原则值为1.3kN/m2。屋面活荷载原则值为0.5kN/m2,雪荷载原则值0.5kN/m2,积灰荷载原则值为0.6kN/m2,轴线处屋架端高为1.90m,屋面坡度为i=1/12,屋架铰接支承在钢筋混凝土柱上,上柱截面400mm×400mm,混凝土标号为C25。钢材采用Q235B级,焊条采用E43型。2、屋架计算跨度:Lo=27m-2×0.15m=26.7m3、跨中及端部高度:端部高度:h′=1900mm(端部轴线处),h=1915mm(端部计算处)。屋架中间高度h=3025mm。二、构造形式与布置屋架形式及几何尺寸如图一所示:图一屋架形式及几何尺寸屋架支撑布置如图二所示:图二-1屋架上弦支撑布置图图二-2屋架下弦支撑分布图图二-3屋架垂直支撑符号阐明:GWJ-(钢屋架);SC-(上弦支撑);XC-(下弦支撑);CC-(垂直支撑);GG-(刚性系杆);LG-(柔性系杆)。三、荷载与内力计算1、荷载计算荷载与雪荷载不同步考虑,故计算时取两者较大荷载原则值计算。由资料可知屋面活荷载等于雪荷载,因此取0.5kN/㎡计算。原则永久荷载:防水层、找平层、保温层1.30kN/㎡预应力混凝土大型屋面板1.40kN/㎡钢屋架和支撑自重0.12+0.011×27=0.42kN/㎡总计:3.12kN/㎡`原则可变荷载:屋面活荷载0.50kN/㎡积灰荷载0.60kN/㎡总计:1.1kN/㎡2、荷载组合设计桁架时,应考虑如下三种组合:①全跨永久荷载+全跨可变荷载(按永久荷载为主控制组合):全跨节点荷载设计值:F=(1.35×3.12+1.4×0.7×0.5+1.4×0.9×0.6)×1.5×6=49.122kN②全跨永久荷载+半跨可变荷载:全跨节点永久荷载设计值:对构造不利时:F1.1=1.35×3.12×1.5×6=37.908kN(按永久荷载为主组合)F1.2=1.2×3.12×1.5×6=33.696kN(按可变荷载为主组合)对构造有利时:F1.3=1.0×3.12×1.5×6=28.080kN半跨节点可变荷载设计值:F2.1=1.4×(0.7×0.5+0.9×0.6)×1.5×6=11.214kN(按永久荷载为主组合)F2.2=1.4×(0.7+0.9×0.6)×1.5×6=17.325kN(按可变荷载为主组合)③全跨屋架涉及支撑自重+半跨屋面板自重+半跨屋面活荷载(按可变荷载为主组合):全跨节点屋架自重设计值:对构造不利时:F3.1=1.2×0.45×1.5×6=4.86kN对构造有利时:F3.2=1.0×0.45×1.5×6=4.05kN半跨节点屋面板自重及活荷载设计值:F4=(1.2×1.4+1.4×0.5)×1.5×6=21.42kN其中①②为使用阶段荷载状况,③施工阶段荷载状况。计算详图见图三。内力系数(F=1)第二种组合第三种组合计算杆件杆件名称全跨①第一种组左半跨右半跨合F×①F1×①F1×①F3×①F3×①内力(KN)下弦斜腹杆图三桁架计算简图3、内力计算本设计采用程序计算构造在单位节点力作用下各杆件内力系数,见表一。表一②③+F2×②+F2×③+F4×②+F4×③AB000000000BC,CD-10.82-8.15-2.67-531.50-551.36-456.42-227.16-109.78-551.36上DE,EF-17.85-12.87-4.98-876.83-899.63-762.94-362.43-193.42-899.63弦FG,GH-21.55-14.66-6.89-1058.58-1070.90-936.29-418.75-252.32-1070.90HJ-22.72-14.23-8.49-1116.05-1107.80-1008.36-415.23-292.28-1116.05IJ,JK-23.2-14.72-8.48-1139.63-1134.49-1026.38-428.05-294.39-1139.63ab5.994.591.4294.24306.59251.32127.4359.10306.59bc14.7710.893.88725.53748.57627.12305.05154.89748.57cd19.9914.035.96981.951000.85861.04397.67224.811000.85de22.3414.647.71097.391100.50980.27422.16273.511100.50ef21.8612.049.821073.811037.26998.80364.14316.581073.81aB-11.23-8.6-2.63-551.64-574.70-471.27-238.79-110.91-574.7Bb8.996.622.37441.61455.48381.85185.4994.46455.48bD-7.71-5.37-2.34-378.73-385.31-332.81-152.50-87.59-385.31Dc5.853.742.11287.36286.56258.32108.5473.63287.36cF-4.59-2.52-2.07-225.47-217.66-209.86-76.29-66.65-225.47Fd3.11.211.89152.28138.48150.2640.9855.55152.28dH-1.92-0.07-1.85-94.31-74.00-104.83-10.83-48.96-104.83He0.67-1.021.6932.917.7354.68-18.5954.6839.46-18.59eg1.183.22-2.0457.96100.529.3974.71-37.96100.52-37.96gK1.913.95-2.0493.82140.8437.0693.89-34.41140.84-34.41gI0.670.67032.9137.0125.4017.613.2637.01Aa-0.5-0.50-24.56-27.62-18.95-13.14-2.43-27.62CbEc-1-10-49.12-55.23-37.91-26.28-4.86-55.23竖Gd-1-10-49.12-55.23-37.91-26.28-4.86-55.23杆Jg-1-10-49.12-55.23-37.91-26.28-4.86-55.23Ie-1.5-1.50-73.68-82.85-56.86-39.42-7.29-82.85Kf000000000四、杆件截面设计1、上弦杆:整个上弦杆采用相等截面,按最大设计内力IJ、JK计算,依照表得:N=-1139.63KN,屋架平面内计算长度为节间轴线长度,即:lox=1355mm,本屋架为无檩体系,以为大型屋面板只起刚性系杆作用,不起支撑作用,依照支撑布置和内力变化状况,取屋架平面外计算长度loy为支撑点间距离,即:l=3loyox=4065mm。依照屋架平面外上弦杆计算长度,上弦截面宜选用两个不等肢角钢,且短肢相并,如图四所示:lb图四上弦杆腹杆最大内力N=-574.7KN,查表可知,中间节点板厚度取12mm,支座节点板厚度取14mm。设=60,依照《规范》由双边角钢构成T行和十字形截面均属于b类,查Q235钢轴心受力稳定系数表,=0.807,则需要截面积:AN1139.631036568.3mm2f0.807215需要回转半径ilox135.5cm2.26cm,iloy406.56.78cmx60y60依照A、ix、iy查角钢规格表,初选用2∟180×110×12,肢背间距a=12mm,该截面特性如下:A=67.42cm2,ix按所选角钢进行验算:=3.10cm,iy=8.75cm。b1/t180/1215oxxix135.543.71<[]=1503.10∵b/t180/1215>0.56l/b1oy10.564065/18012.65∴3.71(1l2t2oy18040652122)3.7(1)yzt52.7b411252.71804=57.89<150截面在x和y平面皆属b类,由于yzx,只需求出y,查轴心受压杆稳定ll系数表得=0.819,则有:yN1139630206.45<215Nmm2A0.8196740y所需截面适当。2、下弦杆:整个下弦杆采用同一截面,按最大设计值计算,依照表得杆de内力最大N=1100.50KN。计算长度又有:l=2700mm,l=26700/2=13350mm。oxoyN1100500需要截面面积A5118.60mm251.19cm2,选用f2152∟16010012,采用短肢相并,如图五所示:图五下弦杆该截面特性如下:A=6011mm25118.60mm2,i=28.2mm,i=78.2mm。xy长细比计算:xoxix3002.82106.38350oyyiy1335170.723507.82N1100500183.08MPa215MPaA6011满足规定。3、端斜杆aB:已知杆件轴力N=-574.70kN,loxl=2390mm。由于loyoxl,故采用不等肢oy角钢,长肢相并,使i≈i,选用角钢2∟1258010,如图六所示:xy图六端斜杆则其截面特性如下:A=3942mm2,i=39.8mm,i=33.9mmxy对该截面验算如下:lox239060.05,loy239070.50xi39.8xyi33.9y又由于:b2/t80/1080.482390/8014.341.09b41.09904因此:取1270.50179.33150yzyl2t2239021020y由于:yzx,只需求,查轴心受压杆稳定系数表得y=0.692,于是有:yzN574.70103y210.68N/mm2f215N/mm2A0.6923942所需截面适当。4、腹杆eg-gK:34.41此杆在g节点处不断开,采用通长杆件。最大拉力:N140.84kN,N100.52kN;gKeg最大压力:N34.41kN,N37.96kN;gKeg再分式桁架中斜腹杆,在桁架平面内计算长度取节间中心间距:l=2027mmox在桁架平面外计算长度:lloy1(0.750.25N2)4055(0.750.25)3960mmN37.961选用2∟10010,如图七所示。查角钢规格表得:A=3852mm对此截面验算如下:图七腹杆eg-gK2,i=30.5mm,i=46.0mm。xylx2027loy3960o66.46xi30.5x150,yi46.086.09y150又由于:b/t100/10100.58l/b0.583960/10022.97oy0.475b40.4751004因此取:186.09188.70150yzyl2t2oy39602102l由于:yzx只需求,查表得yz=0.630,于是有:yz压应力:N379600156MPa215MPa,满足规定。A0.6303852y拉应力:N14084036.56MPa215MPa,满足规定。A3
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