创业困境及胜任力研究_基于大学生创业群体的考察

20081()No.12008(186)JOURNALOFXIAMENUNIVERSITY(Arts&SocialSciences)GeneralSerialNo.186X(,361005):(EntrepreneurialCompetency),,;:;;;:F069.9:A:0438-0460(2008)01-0114-07(Busenitz,etal,2003),,,,,,,,(GEM)2006,25-34,18-24(,2007),,200526,7.65%,51118411X:2007-08-18:(1972-),,,,:;;;,,,,20051.35,25,2080,,,(,2007),,,(2005),,(1990),,1973McClelland(competency),,2080,,(EntrepreneurialCompetencies),,,(,,2003)ChandlerHanks(1993),,(2005),,,,(,2003),,,,,,,Kirzner(1979)Alertness,Alertness(,)ShaveScott(1991)Woodward(1988),Shane(2000),Sternberg(1999)(2005),,,,511,,,,,,,,()2090,,,,:,:;;;(1)1,(,2004),TimmonsTimmons(1999),,,Timmons(2),,;,;,,6112(),,,,,,,,,,,,Shane(2000),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2004711,,,4919,4819,,,,18,:(52.9%),(29.4%),(5.9%),(17.6%),,,,,,56.25%,43.75%,,,,,,,58.8%;23.5%;23.5%,,,:,,,,,,,,511,:(30.5%),(29.5%),(27.8%),(25.4%),(6.1%),18,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(3);,,,,,,,8113,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,:,2005:,6911,2006:(GEM)2006,2006,7,2003:,3,2007:,6,2005:,,:,1990:,,:,2004:,2,2003:,2Busenitz,L.,Wes,G.P.,Shepherd,D.,Nelso,T.,Chandler,G.N.,&Zacharakis,A,2003,EntrepreneurshipResearchinEmer2gence:PastTrendsandFutureDirections,JournalofManagement.Chandler,C.N,Hanks,S.H.Market,1993,attractiveness,resource-basedcapabilities,venturestrategies,andventureperfor2mance,EntrepreneurshipTheory&Practice,vol.9.JeffryA.Timmons,1999,NewVentureCreation,IrwinMcGraw-Hill.Kirzner,I.M.,1979,Perception,Opportunity,andProfit:StudiesinthetheoryofEntrepreneurship,TheUniversityofChicagoPress.Shane,S.2000,Priorknowledgeandthediscoveryofentrepreneurialopportunities,OrganizationalScience,vol.11(4).Shave,K.&L.R.Scott,1991,Person,process,choice:thepsychologyofnewventurecreation,EntrepreneurshipTheory&Practice,vol..16(2).Sternberg,R.J,1999,Thenatureofcognition,Cambridge,MA:MITPress.Woodward,W,1998,ASocialNetworkTheoryofEnrepreneurship::anEmpriicalstudy,PhDThesis,UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill.[:]AStudyofPredicamentsofStartingaBusinessandEntrepreneurialCompetency:BasedonObservationsofUniversityStudentsEffortsatStartingBusinessesMUZhi2rong(SchoolofManagement,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen361005,Fujian)Abstract:ThemethodofEntrepreneurialCompetencyisbecomingincreasinglyeffectiveintheresearchofcharacteristicsofbusinessbeginners.Inrecentyears,universitystudentshavebecomeaspecialgroupofbusinessbeginners.Thispaperarguesthatthisgroupofyoungbusinesspeopleisconfrontedwithallkindsofpredicaments,suchasthoseregardingopportunities,capabilities,resources,andcomplementaritiesofteamwork.Universitystudentsentrepreneurialcompetencyhastwodimensions:en2trepreneurialcaliberandentrepreneurialskills.Theformerconsistsofsocialexperience,interpersonalcompetence,entrepreneurialpassion,creativity,teamspirit,abilitytoendurerisks,psychologicalhealth,andknowledgestructure,whilethelattermainlyin2cludesabilitiestoseekandseizeopportunities,integratevariousresources,obtaininsightsintomarketoperationsanddirections,developandexpandmarkets,andmanagebusinesses.Keywords:predicamentofstartingabusiness,entrepreneurialcompetency,universitystudents,thegroupofbusinessbegin2ners021