行政生态学视角下我国行政改革的对策建议

中国人民大学硕士学位论文行政生态学视角下我国行政改革的对策建议姓名：何晶申请学位级别：硕士专业：行政管理指导教师：彭和平2007051012AbstractTheecologyofpublicadministrationwhichisbornon1960soflastcenturyviewpublicadministrationasapartofthewholesocialsystem,itdeemsthatasthebranchofthesocialsystem,socialfactor,economicalingredientandculturaltraditionandsoonfactorsallhasinseparablerelationswiththeadministrativesystem.Thisproposedonekindofnewvaluesinthescienceofadministrationdomain,jumpedoutoftheinnerpartoftheadministrativesystem,andfocusonstudyingthepublicadministrationfromtheinterrelationbetweentheadministrationandtheperipherysocialenvironment,thiskindofvalueshavethevitalsignificanceforinstructingourcountry’spublicadministrativereforminthenewera.Theadministrativescientisthasborrowedtheecologyspiritanditsmethodandassimilatestheadministrativesystemwiththelifeorganismintheecology,butregardsthesocietyastheexternalenvironment,tostudythecorrelationbetweentheadministrativesystemandthesocialphenomenonandexpectstoobtainamorecomprehensiveunderstandingaboutthebureaucracysystemandothersocialsystems.Intheprocessofadministrativereform,wecanlearnandstudythetheoryandthemethodoftheecologyofpublicadministrationtomakeascientificandcomprehensiveanalysisabouttheconcreteenvironmentofourcountry’sadministrativereform,whichcanhelpuscorrectlyunderstandthedifficultythatwefacedandestablishtheadministrativesystemwhichconformtothefuturedemand.Riggs’scomparativeanalysisabouttheadministrativeecologybackgroundisbasedonhisdivisiontotheformofthesociety.Hebelievedthat,thereexistthreekindofbasicformofsocietyinthehumanhistory,namelytraditionalagriculturesociety,transitionsocietyandmodernindustrysociety.Eachkindofsocialsysteminthedevelopingprocesswasfusedinitsearlystage,andprismatizedinthetransformationstage;also,finallyitwillbeoccupiedinthestagewhichiscompletelydiffracted.Inthepresent,ourcountryisonatransitionalstage,belongstotheprismaticsocietywhichisdescribedinRiggs’secologyadministrationmodel,3therefore,wecanutilizethismodeltoanalyzeourcountry’spublicadministrationreformandpromotethenationalmodernization.Riggsthoughtthat,thefactorwhichaffectonecountry’spublicadministrativeecologyenvironmentaremanyandvaried,amongthemthemainessentialfiveonescontains:economicalcomplication,socialequation,communicationnetwork,symbolsystemaswellaspoliticalskeleton.Afteranalyzingthisfivefactors’characteristicsanditsinfluencetopublicadministrationintheprismaticsociety,thisarticlecarriedoutfurtheranalysisontheecologicalcharacteristicsofthreekindofsociety,whichisrepresentedbyCongo,AmericaandMexico,afterthatreviewedallpreviouspublicadministrativereformofourcountryandpointedoutthereexistheterogeneity,overlapping,andformalismphenomenoninourpresentsociety,further,carriedontheanalysisonthestatusinquoofadministrativereform.Throughtheintrinsicanalysisaboutthereformstatusinquo,morewasdiscussedontheexternalsurroundingsthatimpactourcountry’spublicadministrativereform,including:politicalcontext,economicalenvironment,culturecircumstance,socialconditionandinternationalenvironment.Securedtheconclusionthatourgovernmenthastosetuptheecologyideaandcarryontheomni-directionaladministrativereform,bringallkindsofenvironmentdiathesiswhichworkontheadministrativebehaviorintothereformstepconsideration,andfinallyfulfillitthroughthesystem,onlythiscanfundamentallyovercometheproblemwhichleavedbehinddownbytheformerreformandadaptthesocialrhythmoftheglobaltransformationtime.Wecannotimitateothercountries’experiences,butneedtoestablishthedevelopingschedulethatissuitableforthenationalcondition.Infuture,ourcountry’sadministrativereformhastograsptheessentialcriticalpointofdevelopmentandstrivesfor“thegolddevelopingtime”prospect.Wemustbeclearaboutthegrowingdirectionofthereform:takesocialistmarketeconomyastheorientation;takethesysteminnovationastheway;takepromotingthegovernmentabilityasthecore;takerealizingtheadministrativemodernizationasthegoal.Weshouldinsistontheadministrativereformprinciple:preventandconquerthe4deviationofideologyrecognition,adheretothecorrecttheoryinstruction;synchronizethepoliticalandeconomicalsystemreformandpushthemwholly;linkwiththeadministrativelegislationandstandardizethereformbylaw.Wemustabsorbprofitsfromothernation’sreformexperiencesandusetheirlessonforourreference:weshouldsticktotheenduranceofadministrativereformbyuninterruptedsmallreformandkeepstablepoliticalscene;raisethegovernmentlawlevelandunifylawwithmorality;enhancethecitizenpoliticalparticipationconsciousnessandadvancethebasicunitofpoliticalpowerreforminthecountryside;positivelyboostthepublicservicemarketization;strengthentheparticipationmechanismoftheadministrativereformandcauseitinstitutionalized;persistinthepartyobjective;pickupsuitablepolicy;expanddemocracyandsupervision,firmlykeepwithinlimitsthecorruption.Refertothematerialplan,firstislessentheheterogeneity:innovatingtheadministrativeidea;rearingtheconceptthatadministrationshouldfollowthelaw’sguide,trulychange“ruledbyman”to“ruledbylaw”;reinforcingthesocialbenefitcoordinationandfacilitatingsocialequityandjustice;secondiseliminatet