中国区域环境管理机制探讨

46320105ActaScientiarumNaturaliumUniversitatisPekinensisVol.46No.3May2010“”D09040903670905G-0804-100722009-12-092010-02-22100871[e-mail]。。。X321StudyonRegionalEnvironmentalManagementMechanisminChinaWANWeiZHANGShiqiuZOUWenboCollegeofEnvironmentalSciencesandEngineeringPekingUniversityBeijing100871[e-mail]nmentalproblemsmightbesolvedbyregionalenvironmentalmanagementandcooperationwhichisbasedonmacroviewinsteadoflocalones.Inadditiononlytakingtheconsiderationoftheregionalarrangementforattackingthepollutionissuesbasedontheoverallcostandbenefitsofthevariouscontrolandpreventionscenariostheregionalenvironmentalissuecanbesolvedinanefficientway.BuildingproperandeffectivemechanismforenvironmentalmanagementandcooperationisveryimportantwhilethetransformationfromlocalcontroltoregionalgovernanceisonemaindirectionofenvironmentalmanagementdevelopmentandinnovationinChina.TraditionalenvironmentalprotectionformhavebeeninnovatedbymanydevelopedcountriesespeciallyintheUnitedStatesnewpoliciesandconventionalinstrumentsarewellconformed.BycomparingpracticalproblemsandgapsinChinawithinternationalexperienceskeyfactorsandsystemarrangementsofregionalenvironmentalmanagementarediscussedandseveralsuggestionsabouthowtoachieveefficientcorporationareproposed.Keywordsregionalmanagementtrans-boundarypollutionenvironmentalmanagementmechanismcooperation11.1、、。、、、。。《》“”94446、、。1。。、、、。、。。。OECD《OECD》2007“”“、”2。EPA。。“”“”。。、、。。。、。。1.2。。SouthCoastAirQualityManage-mentDistrictSCAQMDOrange、。OTC、NOxVOC。《》。0543。、、、。SCAQMD4OrangeSCAQMD。、。《》“”EuropeUNECE/Co-operativeProgramforMonitoringandEvaluationoftheLong-RangeTransmissionofAirPollutantsinEuropeEMEP“”EffectsWorkingGroup、EMEP、。。、。22.1。、、。、。“”“”“”“”“”。。。。。。2.2。“”“”。。、、、15446、、。2.3。“”、、。。OTC、。“”。。AirBasin。1、23。、。33.119。1976———SCAQMD、、、、、、、、。SCAQMDairqualitymanagementplanAQMP、、、。1993“”regionalcleanairincentivesmarketRECLAIM330NOxSO23。20501/34。3.220。《》1990ozonetransportregionOTR、OzoneTransportCommissionOTCVOCNOx。OTAG19982003NOxstateimplementationplanSIPCall224。1997—2004NOx25%200050%5。3.3《》ConventiononLong-RangeTrans-boundaryAirPollutionCLRTAP1979《》。。3.42543、、、。4、、、。4.1“”“”“”1992“”“”。20028《》、6。“、、、、”。《》。《》177。。、。4.29+2、、、、、、、、9、2。200550%8。《》、、、、、、。“”、、《》。、、。。9、、。4.320067、、、、、6。、、、“”、、。。。、35446。4.4。1。。。。。2。、。。3。。“。”10。。4。、、。10。5。5.1、。、。、、、。、。。。5.2。RAINS。、、、。45435.3、、。、。。。multiplecriteriaanalysisMCA1911。12。-。1994RECLAIM。5.4、。CLRTAPUNECE。。。。、NGO、。。。SCAQMD。1239。。。、13。、、NGO。“”。。。5.5。CLRTAP。SCAQMD。。。。5.655446、。JamesLents1986SCAQMD。434。。、“”“”。6。。、。。。、、、。、、。、、。。、、。1DudekDJ..2006191-112.《OECD》EB/OL.2010-02-01.http//wen.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/623JohnsonSLPekelneyDM.Assessmentoftheregionalcleanairincentivesmarket—anewemissionstradingprogramforLosAngeles.LandEconomics1996723277-2974NordenstamBJLambrightWHBergerME.AframeworkforanalysisoftransboundaryinstitutionsforairpollutionpolicyintheUnitedStates.EnvironmentalScience＆Policy199813231-2385.NOxD.20076..20031939-417.———.20042955-88.N/OL.2005-09-052010-02-01.http//、//2006.2006126-13010.《》.2005614208-21611HajkowiczS.AllocatingscarcefinancialresourcesacrosssregionsforenvironmentalmanagementinQueenslandAustralia.EcologicalEconomics200161208-21612KaoJJPanTCLinCM.Anenvironmentalsustainabilitybasedbudgetallocationsystemforregionalwaterqualitymanagement.JournalofEnvironmentalManagement2009902699-70913ClineL.Negotiatingthesuperfundareenvironmentalprotectionagencyregionalofficialswillingtobargainwithstates.TheSocialScienceJournal2010471106-120654