中外环境空气质量标准比较

23320103ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol.23No.3Mar.2010*10001219962000GB3095—1996.1996、、WHO、、、.PM10SO2NO2COPbPM2.5、..X－651A1001－6929201003－0253－08ComparisonbetweenDomesticandInternationalAmbientAirQualityStandardsWANGZong-shuangWUTingCHEFeiWANGShengZHOUYu-huaQIANXiao-pingWUXue-fangEnvironmentalStandardsInstituteChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciencesBeijing100012ChinaAbstractTheNationalAmbientAirQualityStandardGB3095-1996whichwaspublishedandimplementedin1996andmodifiedin2000isinurgentneedofrevisionasitmaynotmeettheneedsofcurrentandfutureambientairqualityassessmentandmanagement.Foreignambientairqualitystandardresearchhasmadesignificantprogresssince1996.InthispapertheambientairqualitystandardsoftheUSAtheEuropeanUniontheWHOandsomeothercountriesregionsororganizationswereanalyzedandcomparativeanalysisresearchanddiscussionofambientairqualitystandardsbetweenhomeandabroadwereperformedwithregardtomajorpollutantsconcentrationlimitsstatisticalrequirementsforattainingthestandardimplementationrequirementetc..AsshownintheresultsPM10SO2NO2COPbetc.arestillcommonpollutantsthatmostcountriesaretargetingforcontrolbutforsomedevelopedcountriesPM2.5hasbeenaddedontothelistaswellasbenzeneandotherheavymetals.NeitherstatisticalrequirementsforattainingthestandardsnorrequirementsforimplementationofenvironmentalqualitystandardsarespecifiedinChinawhichtosomeextentlowerstheeffectsfromtheambientairqualitystandards.Consequentlytheproblemsoutlinedaboveshouldbeconsideredinrevisingthenationalambientairqualitystandardsinthefuture.Keywordsambientairqualitystandardinhalableparticlesfineparticles2009－09－212009－12－2220081977－、[e-mail].*1965－、[e-mail]12、3.GB3095—19961982199620002-4、、.20005-8、9-10.WHO1997《》AirQualityGuidlinesAQG11200512SO2NO2O3PM10.WHO13-28232000NO2O3NOx4..、.、WHO《AQG》、、、.113-27WHO《》、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、.SPSS、.22.1、1.1PM2.5O3.11997Table1Theinternationalstatusofambientairqualitystandardsfrom1997WHO1997《》《》13－PM2.52005《AQG》PM10PM2.5O3NO2SO22006PM2.535μgm3PM102008O3160μgm3Pb30.15μgm31999《SO2NO2NOxPM10Pb》SO252000《CO》CO2002《O3》O320102004《、、、》20122008《》PM2.5201025μgm31997、、199920011998CONO2O3SO2PbPM102003PM2.5258μgm31998PM2.52000NOxNO2O30.12mgm30.16mgm30.16mgm30.20mgm311-121314-1617181942.22.WHO.、1.2SO2CONO2O3PM10PbPM2.5TSPTSPPM2.5、AsCdNi.1、、、、.29WHO12PM2.5～10、、PM10PM2.5～10、PM2.54523.2Table2ThepollutantsofambientairqualitystandardsinChinaandforeigncountriesSO2CONO2O3PM10TSPPbBaPSO2CONO2O3PM2.5PM10PbSO2CONO2O3PM10PM2.5PbBaPAsCdNiSO2CONO2PM10SO2CONO2O3PM10PM2.5Pb13SO2CONO2O3PM10PM2.5PbAsCdNiVHgSO2CONO2O3PM10PM2.5PbSO2CONO2O3PM10TSPPbSO2CONO2O3PM10PM2.5SO2CONO2O3PM10TSPPbSO2CONO2O3PM10TSPPbSO2CONO2O3PM10TSPPbSO2CONO2PM10TSPPbSO2CONO2O3PM10TSPPbSO2CONO2O3PM10SO2CONO2O3TSPPbSO2CONO2O3PM10TSPPbSO2CONO2O3TSPPb1Fig.1RelationalgradeanalysisforthepollutantsofambientairqualitystandardsinChinaandforeigncountries2.32.3.1PM10PM10.3PM10WHO2、.33PM10WHOTable3ComparisonofPM10limitsinbetweenChinaandWHOAQGμgm3WHO123WHO50150250150100755040100150705030202PM10Fig.2ComparisonofambientairqualitystandardsforPM10WHOWHO35、WHO257.5WHOWHO30μgm312.2、、、、、、、PM1050～180μgm3.、、、、、50～130μgm330μgm320%～100%50%～400%.1h200μgm3.55223PM10.2.3.2PM2.5PM2.512.3、PM2.5PM2.527.3WHOPM2.52510μgm33755037.5μgm3352515μgm3、、15～65μgm38～25μgm3.、、PM2.510PM2.5.PM2.5.3PM2.5Fig.3ComparisonofambientairqualitystandardsforPM2.52.3.3NOxNOxNO2.NO2PM2.530NO2.4、、4NO2Fig.4ComparisonofambientairqualitystandardsforNO2NO2.4、、1hNO2.WHO40μgm3、WHO21hWHO80μgm3、WHO40μgm3.WHONO21h90～850μgm360～200μgm330～100μgm3.NO2NOxNOxNOxNOx.65232.3.4O35、O3.1997WHO1hO38h100μgm3160μgm31h.、WHO8hO3100～120μgm3O3、、、1h220～257μgm31hO3.19871hWHOO31hO3.2.3.5SO2SO26、SO24WHO.5O3Fig.5AmbientairqualitystandardsforO36SO2Fig.6AmbientairqualitystandardsforSO24SO2WHOTable4ComparisonoflimitsinbetweenChineseSO2airqualitystandardandWHOairqualityguidelineμgm3WHO12WHO1h1505007005001501502501255020206010070110min.41h、WHO10minWHO2.5～12.52、12SO2SO2.6SO21h150～800μgm350～400μgm320～100μgm3.1h、18%～52%1h.SO2.2.3.6CO7CO.COWHO1530min18h100603010mgm3.、1h10mgm31h60mgm3WHO.CO8h1h10～40mgm38h10～24mgm312475223mgm3.CO.7COFig.7AmbientairqualitystandardsforCO2.3.7PbPb、、D.、Pb.8WHO、Pb.8、、1.5μgm3WHO.1997WHOPb0.5μgm3、、、PbWHO2008Pb30.15μgm3.PbPb1.0μgm3.8PbFig.8AmbientairqualitystandardsforPb2.45、.5“”、、、、..5、Table5ProtectionobjectiveofambientairqualitystandardforChinaUSAandEuropeUnion13142、、、、、、2.5.、6.6..2.6《》8523.《》31、.15AQLVAQLV、AQLV3.AQLVAQLV..6Table6CompliancestatisticalrequirementsofambientairqualitystandardforUSAandEU1314μgm3μgm3CO10×10340×1038h1h11108hPb1.50.153——0.5NO2100—402001h18PM1015024h31405024h35PM2.515.03524h339825O31608h8h31208h325SO240024h112535024h1h3243a.PM10NO2O3SO2COPbPM2.5、.b.WHO.WHOCONO2SO2PM10Pb8hO3WHO.c...References1.EBOL.20002009-09-21.httpxA1/xA1/baike.comview84079.htmfr=ala0_1.2.GB3095—1996S.1996.3.3EBOL.19992009-09-21.httpxA1/xA1/—1996EBOL.20002009-09-21.httpxA1/xA1/