二高沿线环境特性调查与

二高沿線環境特性調查與國道計畫環境復育之研究（第1期）執行單位：觀察家生態顧問有限公司計畫主持人：黃于玻協同主持人：李玲玲研究人員：蘇維翎、黃光瀛、黃俊嘉、劉威廷、陳建男、張毓琦、蔡佳育、李延平、郭浩志、林雅玲、林應琪、許永暉、鍾鎮光、丁厚尹、潘怡如、楊富強、林佩蓉本報告為研究案，並不代表本局意見交通部臺灣區國道新建工程局中國民國96年12月摘要第二高速公路沿線曾記錄到許多動物受車輛撞擊輾斃的事件，亦曾發現游隼利用高屏溪橋塔台作為貯食及停留地點，顯示道路建設與動物行為有相當的關係。本研究主要以行駛間目視之方式，確認二高道路致死效應(Roadkill)之熱點、對象及空間-時間的變異，並檢視道路結構與周邊棲地對此效應之影響。本研究於2006年12月至2007年9月進行19次調查，共記錄到3,805筆道路致死的動物，其中以鳥類的2,055筆為最多，其次為哺乳類405筆、兩棲爬蟲類17筆，而另有1,328筆為無法辨識之動物遺體。各類群動物的道路致死密度於不同路段間和不同季節間皆有差異，其中南部路段於春、夏兩季的道路致死密度較高。比較各物種類群的資料顯示，鳥類和哺乳類的致死密度分別受到道路周邊棲地和道路結構之影響，鳥類在森林/建築組合比例較低之路段的致死頻率顯著高於在森林/建築組合比例較高之路段，而哺乳類在平地比例較高和橋樑比例較低路段的致死頻率顯著高於在平地比例較低和橋樑比例較高的路段。同時本研究於2006年11月至2007年9月於國道第二高速公路高屏溪高183.5公尺的斜張橋橋塔監測游隼活動的情形。以8組自動啟動之動態監視器設定全天監測結果，在6209監測小時中總共有601小時測得游隼活動。游隼利用橋塔呈現兩個高峰，第一峰出現在5時至7時，第二峰則在18時至22時，而於1月及4月在北側及東側塔台測得紀錄頻次最多。於定期上塔拍照紀錄之45筆游隼食殘及活動痕跡中有22筆在4月。紅外線自動照相機在同期間則拍下11筆游隼影像。這些資料說明11月至翌年4月間南臺灣斜張橋之游隼日夜間均會活動獵食，且明顯將主要獵食時間延長至夜間。這現象可能跟斜張橋夜閒燈光照明有關。關鍵字：高速公路、生態工程、道路致死效應、高屏溪橋、游隼、自動監測系統AbstractHighwayNo.3isamajortransportationroadconstructedalongthewestpartofTaiwan.AfterbeingopenedtovehiculartrafficinJanuary2004,roadkillincidentsofbirdsandmammalsoccurfrequently.Thisstudyaimstounderstandthelocationsofroadkillhotspots,thetaxaofwildlifekilled,andthespatial-temporalvariationsofroadkillincidentsonhighwayNo.3bydirectvisualmethod.Theinfluencesofroadstructureandadjacenthabitattypeonroadkillincidentsarealsoexamined.Totally3,805vertebratecorpseswererecordedasroadkillincidentsduring19surveysessionsfromDecember2006toSeptember2007.Birdswerethemostoftenrecordedtaxainoursurvey(n=2,055),followedbymammal(n=405)andreptile/amphibian(n=17).Theremaining1,328corpseswereeithertoodegradedortoosmalltoidentifytheirtaxaandwererecordedas“unknown”.Theroadkilldensitiesofallandeachtaxaweredifferentbetweensectionsofthehighwayandbetweenseasons.Moreroadkillswererecodedinthesouthsectionsandinspringandinsummer.Roadkilldensitiesofbirdandmammalweresignificantaffectedbytheadjacenthabitattypeandroadstructure,respectively.Significantlyhigherroadkilldensitiesofbirdswerefoundalongthesectionswithhigherratioofforest/buildinginadjacenthabitat,andsignificantlyhigherroadkilldensitiesofmammalswerefoundalongthesectionswithhigherratioofgroundandlowerratioofbridgeinroadstructure.FromNovember2006toSeptember2007,wemonitoredthetopofabridgetower183.5mhighinsouthernTaiwanthatwasusedbyPeregrineFalcons(Falcoperegrinus)asapluckingandfeedingsite.Using8auto-triggercamcordersrunningcontinuouslytocoverallfoursidesofthetower,weobtained601outof6209hoursrecordingscontainingPeregrineFalconactivity.ThetimeofdayPeregrineFalconsreturnedtothetowershowedabi-modalfrequencypattern,onepeakbetween0500and0700,thesecondonebetween1800and2200.PeregrinewasmostcommonrecordedinJanuaryandAprilatnorthernandeasternsites.Wecollected45foodremains/traceswhich22ofthemwereinApril.Atotalof11Peregrineimageswereloggedbyauto-triggercamerasinthemonitoringperiod.TheseshowthatthesePeregrineFalconsinsouthernTaiwanwereactivelyhuntingduringthedayandespeciallyatnightfromNovemberthroughApril.TherewasanapparentshiftofthepeakpreycapturetimefromdaylighthourstoeveninghoursbythesePeregrineFalcons,probablyasanadaptationtotheartificiallightingalongthebridgeatnight.Keywords:Highway,ecologicalengineering,Roadkill,KaopingRiverBridge,PeregrineFalcon,Falcoperegrinus,auto-triggercamerasi目錄目錄...................................................................................................................i圖目錄.................................................................................................................iv表目錄.................................................................................................................vi第一章前言.......................................................................................................1-11.1研究主旨及目的...................................................................................1-11.2研究內容...............................................................................................1-11.3研究流程...............................................................................................1-21.4預期成果...............................................................................................1-2第二章研究背景瞭解與分析...........................................................................2-12.1道路對生態的影響...............................................................................2-12.2棲地連結及動物移動廊道之應用.......................................................2-42.3國內外相關案例...................................................................................2-8第三章第二高速公路道路致死效應熱點調查...............................................3-13.1目的.........................................................................................................3-13.2方法.........................................................................................................3-13.2.1沿線調查.........................................................................................3-13.2.2路段間棲地及結構影響之分析.....................................................3-33.3結果......................................