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PureWaterHandbookTM1OsmonicsPureWaterHandbook2ndEdition5951ClearwaterDriveMinnetonka,MN55343-8995USAPhone(612)933-2277Fax[phone]Propertyof:©1997,1991Osmonics,Inc.TM$9.95PureWaterHandbook-twg5/16/972:20PMPage13NoticeOsmonicshasmadeaseriousefforttoprovideaccurateinformationinthisbook.However,asinallpublications,thepossibilityexistsforerrorsandmisprintsinthetext.Variationsindatamayalsooccurdependingonfieldconditions.Infor-mationinthisguideshouldonlybeusedasageneralguide.Osmonicsdoesnotrepresenttheinformationasbeingexact.Pleasenotifyusofanyerrors,omissionsormisprintsinthisbook.Yoursuggestionsforfutureeditionswillhelptomakethishandbookasaccurateandinformativeaspossible.PureWaterHandbook-twg5/16/972:20PMPage3PureWaterHandbook-twg5/16/972:20PMPage45HistoryofOsmonics...Osmonicswasfoundedin1969byD.DeanSpatzasanindustrially-orientedcrossflowmembranecompany.TheCompanyfocusedonbringingpioneeringreverseosmosis/ultrafiltration(RO/UF)technologyintothemainstreamoffluidpurification.In1970,Osmonicsmanufactureditsfirstspiral-woundmembraneelementscalledsepralators,whichhavebecomethestandardtowhichotherRO/UFconfigurationsarecompared.OsmonicscompleteditsinitialpublicstockofferinginOctober1971tofinanceequipmentformembranemanufacturing.Throughouttheearly1970’s,Osmonicspioneeredavarietyofmembraneapplica-tionfirsts,including:thefirstsugarrecoveryunit;firstsystemforreclaimingoilyindustrialwastes;firstcommercialUFforwheyfractionationusingspiral-woundmembraneelements;firstROzero-dischargewastewatertreatmentsystem;firstROforboilerfeedpretreatment;firstROsystemtorecoverphotographywaste;andoneofthefirstdemonstrationsofROasaviablealternativetodistillationforproducingUSPWaterForInjectionusedinpharmaceuticalmanufacturing.In1977,OsmonicsdevelopedtheTONKAFLO®pumpforuseintheirRO/UFsystemsandcreatedtheTONKAFLOproductline.Thisversatilepumpalsoisbeingusedtosolveotherindustrialhigh-pressurepumpingapplications.In1981,asthefirstphaseofalong-termgrowthplan,a100,000sq.ft.manufacturingandheadquartersfacilitywasconstructedon40acresofCompany-ownedlandinMinnetonka,Minnesota.OsmonicsacquiredtheHYTREX®disposablecartridgefilterproductlinesfromCelaneseCorporationin1983,andin1984acquiredFlotronicsfromSelasCorporation,addingcoalescersandalineofmetallicandceramicmicrofiltrationfilterstotheCompany’sproductoffering.TheacquisitionofAquaMediaInternationalandAquaMediaofAsiain1985expandedinternationalsalesandestablishedasolidpositioninthegrowingFarEastultrapurewatermarket.In1986,OsmonicsinvestedinPoreticsCorporationasastart-upcompany,manufacturingpolycarbonatetrack-etchmembraneandrelatedlaboratorymicro-filtrationproducts.In1994,theCompanycompletedtheacquisitionofPoretics.TheacquisitionofAmericanPumpCompanyin1987broadenedtheCompany’spumplinetoincludeair-drivendiaphragmpumps.Alsoacquiredin1987wasVaponics,Inc.,basedintheBostonarea,whichexpandedtheCompany’scapabil-itiesinhigh-qualityultrapurewaterequipmentandsystemsespeciallyforthepharmaceuticalmarket.Twoacquisitionswerecompletedin1989:OzoneResearchandEquipmentCorporation,whichaddedaveryhighquality,well-regardedozonationproductline;andMACEProducts,offeringalineofTeflonPTFEpumpsandflowcon-trolcomponents.PureWaterHandbook-twg5/16/972:20PMPage56TheFASTEKTMbusinesswasacquiredin1990fromEastmanKodak.ProductsobtainedincludeHROspiral-woundmembraneelementsforhomeuse,specialtyrolledfiltersandmelt-blowndepthfiltersproducedusingaslightlydifferenttechnologythantheHYTREXmelt-blowndepthfilters.In1991,OsmonicsInternationalwasestablishedasaStrategicBusinessUnitfordirectmarketingandsalesactivityforallinternationalbusiness,withemphasisinthreeprimaryregions:Europe,Asia/PacificandLatinAmerica.InOctober,1993,OsmonicsacquiredAutotrolCorporation,aleadingmanufac-turerofvalves,controlsandmeasuringdevicesrelatedtowatertreatmentequipment.WiththeadditionofAutotrol,internationalbusinessgrewto30%ofsales.OnJanuary11,1994,OsmonicsbegantradingontheNewYorkStockExchangeunderthesymbolOSM.ThelistingincreasedOsmonics’visibilityasthebroadest,mostfullyintegratedwatertreatmentcompanyinthemarket.OsmonicsacquiredLakewoodInstruments,aleadingmanufacturerofanalyticalinstrumentationforwaterandwastetreatment,inlate1994.TheLakewoodproductlinebroadensandstrengthenstheCompany’sexistinginstrumentationofferings,andenhancesitsabilitytocustomdesigncontrolsystemsforcomplexapplications.InOctober1995,OsmonicsacquiredWesternFilterCompany,theleadingsupplierofwatertreatmentequipmenttothebeverageandbottledwatermarket.In1996,OsmonicsacquiredDesalinationSystems,Inc.ofVista,California,aprimarymanufacturerofmembranesusedforreverseosmosis,nanofiltration,ultrafiltrationandmicrofiltration.Thesemembranesaremadeintospiral-woundelementsandsoldworldwide.Osmonics’productlinealsoincludesspiral-woundmembraneelementswhichwillcomplementtheDesalline.OsmonicsthenacquiredAquaMatic,Inc.,ofRockford,Illinois,inearly1997.AquaMatichasbeenaleadingsuppliertothewaterpurificationindustryformorethan60years,andpioneeredautomaticwatersoftenercontrols.Today,mostwatertreatmentequipmentcompaniesincorporateAquaMa