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Vol.32No.2(138)2011Northwestpopulation2011232、。,,,,[1]。,。,、、、、,[2]。[3][4]。、[5]。,。,[6][7]。,、、、。,,,。,,,。,。、()。。、、,。,[8][9]。,。IPAT。Ehrlich、HoldrenCommoner,,(I)(P)、(A)(T)[10][11]。IPATI=P*A*T,、。,CO220%-60%[12][13]。《2009(,200433):、、,。,、、,。,,,。,。:;;;;:C924.24:A:1007-0672(2011)02-0023-05:2010-12-22:,,,,:、。23··2011232NorthwestpopulationVol.32No.2(138)2011》40%-60%。,。IPATSTIRPAT[14]。,1%。,,1,1%,1%[15][16]。[17],:(1),,,[18]。(2),,。(3)、、。,,;,,[19]。,。50,,,(2%),[20][21]。,7000-7500[22],。[23],。,,20。,,,。(),,[24][25],。。,,。,。,,,、,,。,,。,。,,,。,[26]。,、,,,CO2。,,。,,、[27]。,。,4,、、、[28][29]。2050,、。,,。,、,,。;,,;,,,,;,24··Vol.32No.2(138)2011Northwestpopulation2011232,、[30]。,、,。,,。,。,200548%205070%。[31][32]。,2080。,,。,,,,,[33]。(),[34][35]。,,[36][37]。,,。:、,,[38][39]。,,,[40]。,,,,[41]。,,[42]。30453,24,。1978—2007,,,。,,。,。,,。,,[43]。()、,。,[44]。,,。,,。,,,,。。,,、、[45],,[46]。,,,[47][48]。,CO260,[49][50][51]。,。Fanetal.,,25··2011232NorthwestpopulationVol.32No.2(138)2011。,、,。,CO2。,,[52]。。,、、,。,,,。,,,。。,,。,O’NeillandChen,[53]。Daltonetal.,。,,[54]。,。,[55]。,,,[56],、、,[57]。[58][59],。,、,,。,,。TobiasKronenberg,,,,[60]。Zagheni,,CO2,CO2[61]。,。2008,2008651.1,8.3%,20006.96%,1.3。,2020,6511.92%,2125%。,,,,。、、、,。,。Fanetal.,CO2,、、、GDP。,,,,,、[62]。STIRPAT,1980—2007,[63]。,,。,,。,,、。,,。、。26··Vol.32No.2(138)2011Northwestpopulation2011232,、、,,,。,,,;、、、、,。、、、,,,,,、。,。、,;,,,;,。筝:[1],.[J].,2008,26(1):187-191.[2](UNPF).2009[R].[3]Schelling,T.Someeconomicsofglobalwarming[J].AmericanEco-nomicReview,1992(82):1-14.[4]Birdsall,N.,Kelley,A.,Sinding,S.PopulationMatters:DemographicChange,EconomicGrowth,andPovertyintheDevelopingWorld[M].Ox-fordUniversityPress,Oxford,UK,2001.[5][54][58]Dalton,M.,B.C.O’Neill,A.Prskawetz,L.JiangandJ.Pitkin.PopulationAgingandFutureCarbonEmissionsintheUnitedStates.EnergyEconomics,2008(30):642-675.[6][9][15]Dietz,T.,andE.A.Rosa.EffectsofpopulationandaffluenceonCO2emissions.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUSA,1997(94):175-179.[7][16]Rosa,E.A.,R.YorkandT.Dietz.TrackingtheAnthropogenicDriversofEcologicalImpacts.Ambio2004,33(8):509-512.[8][20][23][42]Jiang,L.,Hardee,K.HowDoRecentPopulationTrendsMattertoClimateChange?PopulationActionInternational,2009:1-25.[10]Ehrlich,P.R.,Holdren,J.P.Impactofpopulationgrowth[J].Sci-ence,1971(171):1212-1217.[11]Commoner,B.TheClosingCircle.Knopf,NewYork,1971.[12]Preston,S.H.Theeffectofpopulationgrowthonenvironmentalquality[J].PopulationResearchandPolicyReview,1996(15):95-108.[13]Bongaarts,J.Populationgrowthandglobalwarming[J].PopulationandDevelopmentReview,1992,18(2):299-319.[14][48]Dietz,T.,Rosa,E.A.Rethinkingtheenvironmentalimpactsofpopulation,affluenceandtechnology[J].HumanEcologyReview,1994(1):277-300.[17][19],.[J].,2009(10):41-44.[18][31]York,R.,Rosa,E.A.,Dietz,T.STIRPAT,IPAT,andImPACT:analytictoolsforunpackingthedrivingforcesofenvironmentalimpacts[J].EcologicalEconomics2003,46(3):351-365.[21][32][44]York,R.DemographictrendsandenergyconsumptioninEuropeanUnionNations,1960-2025[J].SocialScienceResearch2007(36):855-872.[24][27][52][62]Fan,Y.,L.C.Liu,G.WuandY.M.Wei.AnalyzingImpactFactorsofCO2EmissionsUsingtheSTIRPATModel[J].Envi-ronmentalImpactAssessmentReview,2006(26):377-395.[25][38][47]Cole,M.A.,Neumayer,E.Examiningtheimpactofdemo-graphicfactorsonairpollution[J].PopulationandEnvironment2004,26(1):5-21.[26]Parikh,J.,Shukla,V.Urbanization,energyuseandgreenhouseeffectsineconomicdevelopment—Resultsfromacross-nationalstudyofdevelopingcountries[J].GlobalEnvironmentalChange,1995,5(2):87-103.[28]Champion,T.Urbanization,suburbanisation,counterurbanisationandreurbanisation.In:Paddison,R.(Ed.),HandbookofUrbanStudies.Sage,London,2001:143161.[29]Geyer,H.S.,Kontuly,T.M.Atheoreticalfoundationfortheconceptofdifferentialurbanization.Int.Reg.Sci.Rev,1993(15):157177.[30].[J].,2004(5):10-16.[33][63],,,.[J].·,2010,20(2):98-102.[34]Lenzen,M.PrimaryEnergyandGreenhouseGasesEmbodiedinAustralianFinalConsumption:AnInput-outputAnalysis[J].EnergyPolicy,1998,26(6):495-506.[35]Hertwich,E.G.LifeCycleApproachestoSustainableConsumption:ACriticalRe-view[J].EnvironmentalScienceandTechnology,2005,39(13):4673-4684.[36]Schipper,L.Lifestylesandtheenvironment:thecaseofenergy.Daedalus1996(125):113-138.[37][46]Bin,S.,Dowlatabadi,H.ConsumerlifestyleapproachtoUSenergyuseandtherelatedCO2emissions[J].EnergyPolicy2005(33):197-208.[40]MacKellar,F.L.,W.Lutz,C.PrinzandA.Goujon.Population,HouseholdsandCO2emissions[J].PopulationandDevelopmentReview,1995,21(4):849-865.(33)27··Vol.32No.2(138)2011Northwestpopulation2011232TheEffectofPopulationOncarbonEmissionsCHENJing(SchoolofSocialDevelopmentandPublicPolicy,FudanUniversity,Shanghai,200433,China)Abstract:Chinaisfacingseveraldemographicchangesatthesametimewhichareexpanseofpopulationscale,fasturbaniza-tion,smallerfamilies,agingandsoon.Thesechangeswillhavegreatinfluenceonthecarbonemissionofourcountry.Throughareviewofrelevantliteratures,thispaperclarifiesthatthefirstthreedemographictrendsmentionedabovemayresultinanincreaseincarbonemissions.However,theeffectofagingisnotyetclear.Besides,theimpactsofdifferentdemographicfac-torsalways
本文标题:人口因素对碳排放的影响
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