人类活动的环境效应及生态环境变迁研究述评

176()200712Vol.17No.6JChongqingTechnolBusinessUniv.(WestForum)Dec.20073(,400067):,,1994,,:;;;:F062.2;F062.1:A:100826439(2007)0620057206ReviewoftheresearchesonenvironmenteffectofhumanactivitiesandecologicalenvironmentevolutionWENChuan2hao(YangtzeUpriverEconomicResearchCenter,ChongqingTechnologyandBusinessUniversity,Chongqing400067,China)Abstract:Ecologicalenvironmentevolutioniscumulativeenvironmenteffectintimeandspaceinaregionbecauseoflong2terminteractionbetweennature,society,economicsystemashumanbeingsexploitresources.Theinternationalecologicalenvironmentevolutionresearchfocusesonecologicalenvironmentchangeresearchbynaturalscience,especially,onglobalorregionalimportantenvironmentchangessuchasglobalwarmclimate,greenhouseeffect,acidrain,ozonedepletionandsoon.InChina,ecologicalenvironmentevolutionresearchfocusesonstudyingenvironmenthistory,includingtheeffectofagriculturaleconomy,landexploitationandcultivation,grasslandandlivestockfarmingdevelopment,urbaneconomy,wood2cutandwooduse,desertion,etc.onenvironmentchange.Basedonanalyzingandsummarizingmainliteraturesonecologicalenvironmentevolutionsince1994,thispaperholdsmaindifficultissuesandhottopicsandfutureresearchpointsinChinaenvironmentevolutionresearchfield.Keywords:humanactivity;environmenteffect;ecologicalenvironmentevolution;review,(),20,753:2007211210:(40261009),(2007):(1972),,,,,,,,,,(IGBP,IHDP,WCRP,2001),,2090,IGUUISIAHIAG(UNESCO)(IUGS)(IGCP)MircoM(1991)10,,,UNESCOIGCP(IGCP229IGCP379IGCP448)IGBPIHDPWCRP,100250020017,1/3,,IGBPIHDPWCRPDIVERSITAS33,,,(),,,(),,,,,,,,(,2006)(),,,,,()1994(),17693112,19992006309938,85:(),230,203,27203,140,63,69%31%(1),,(),,,(),(),,127,10,17,37%63%,,(),,78%(21),22%(6),,74426%,()19941999(2),,90,,2000,199438,2()(2004),:(1),(2006)95:(2),,,,(3),(),,,,,(4),,,,,,,,(,2004)1994,,,,,199927,9,,1999(2006)(2005)(2006)(2006)(2005)(2003)(2005)(2001),(,2000)(,2005)(,2005),,,06:(GIS)(RS)(GPS)(3S)(,2006),,,:1.,,,,,,,2.,,,,,,,3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5.1949,,1949,,,,,2050,80,()16:,1998,,(),,:(1);(2);(3)();(4);(5)();(6)();(7)():[1]BurgerJ,GochfeldM.Ondevelopingbioindicatorsforhumanandecologicalhealth[J].EnvironmentalMonitoringandAssessment,2001,66(1).[2]GBP,IHDP,WCRP.Abstractsofglobalchangeopenscienceconference[C].10213,July,2001CongresHollandBV,Amsterdan,theNetherland,2001.[3]KassG,SteveB,LisaL,etal.Analyzingthecumulativeeffectsofforestpractices:wheredowestart?[J].WetlandandenvironmentalapplicationofGIS.1995,CRCPress,Inc.[4]LamoreauxPE,PowellWJ,LeGrandHE.Environmentalandlegalaspectsofkarstareas[J].EnvironmentalGeology,1997,29(122).[5]MossM.Proceedingsoffirstinternationalsymposiumonecosystemhealthandmedicine[C].Canada,UniversityofGuelph,1994.[6]UnitedNationsDepartmentforPolicyCoordinationandSustainableDevelopment.IndicatorsofSustainableDevelopment:FrameworkandMethodologies[R].NewYork:UnitedNations,1997.[7].[J].,2004(10):91295.[8].[J].,2006(4):1552160.[9].[J].,2004(6):1122119.[10].[M].:,1992.[11].[J].,2003(1):40243.[12].[J].,2004(4):61268.[13].[J].,2001(4):3812383.[14].[J].,2004(1):1162119.[15].[J].,2002(3):48255.[16].[J].(),2004(3):1222124.[17].[J].(),2005(2):38241.[18],.[J].,2004(5):69273.[19],.40[J].,2001.4.[20].[J].,2006(1):1412143.[21].[J].(),1998(4):47255.[22].[J].,2005(18):21222.[23].[J].,2003(2):77285.[24],.[J].(),2006(3):9214.[25],.[J].,2000(4):4592466.[26],,.[J].,2002(5):123.[27].[J].,2004(3):54261.[28].[J].(),2006(3):87292.[29].[J].,2002(3):4211.(:;:)26: