北京市碳黑气溶胶排放清单估算及预测

第52卷第4期2007年2月论文470*(,,100871.*,E-mail:[e-mail]),,.,.2000,,,7.77Gg..,20082.97Gg().20082004,2008.2006-07-07,2006-12-04(:20637001)()[1],.[2],[3],,[4].,,,,[5].,1/4,,60%[6,7].,,2000,58.8%[8].,,[2].19997,Bergin[9],6,.2008,,,.,,.,()[6]:QBC=ΣQi,jEFi,j.(1)QBC;Qi,jij;EFi,jij.,Streets[6,10].Streets[6]RAINS-AsiaV8.01995,,1995,27.9Gg(8).Streets[10]Sinton[11],,2000,9.4Gg(1).[10],3,10.,Streets[10].,.,2000,1Streets(:Gg)1995[6]20.51.80.65.027.92000[10]3.11.71.61.00.21.89.4论文第52卷第4期2007年2月.,,2000.,2008,.1,.:1):;2):;3):;4):.2000[8],.,,2000400t,6944kt.,,53%16%.[12].,,42%(1).,,1200010%.,1990,88%,85%,199580%[13].199590%,80%,..,2000[14],23.7%,6.6%,,,1828kt[8],509kt..2008()1).2000,,,,.2.,,,[7].,.Streets[6,10],.Bond[7].Reddy[15,16],.,,[17].,,.,,,:1),1)第52卷第4期2007年2月论文472[6]Bond[7],,;2),.2.1()..,..Streets[6]0.60g/kg,1.6g/kg.Bond[7]0.97g/kg(),4.8g/kg(),0.0125g/kg.,,,0.60g/kg.()..,Streets[6]RAINSAsian1995.0.00285g/kg(2).2[6](:gkg−1)00.00020.50.00010.350.00080.10.00020.020.0770.030.0320.00285(),.,,Streets[6],0.0662g/kg(3).().,[18],.3[6](:gkg−1)00.00010.150.00080.250.130.550.0320.050.320.066Chen[17],0.283g/kg,0.004g/kg.Streets[6]3.7g/kg,0.12g/kg.,90%,80%,.0.32g/kg,0.497g/kg..2.2(),,..Streets[6],0.36g/kg;Reddy[15]0.01g/kg;Bond[7](USEPA)0.0396g/kg.,.,Streets[6].,,0.0396g/kg[7]..().,.,[19],[20].,[21],10a,Street[6],0.081.1g/kg,.2.3,,[6].,论文第52卷第4期2007年2月,,,50g/mol,0.0001g/kg[7].2.4.,.,Bond[7],1g/kg,0.69g/kg,0.75g/kg(0.3~1.4g/kg).Streets[6]1g/kg.,4.33.120004,(1),2000.20007.77Gg,2.59Gg,33%,.2.18Gg,28%,.1.87Gg,24%.80%;,95%.,3.45Gg,44%(38%,6%).3.07Gg,39%.,85%(2).Streets[10]2000220004a)0.00290.06620.06620.06620.06620.06620.06620.32000.49700.06620.00290.06620.06620.600.600.600.600.03960.03960.03960.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.110.110.110.110.110.110.0260.0261.10.0261.11.11.11.11.10.03960.03960.03960.03960.03960.03960.0670.0670.0670.0670.0670.0670.0670.03960.03960.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.00010.000110.750.0001a);gkg−1月论文(3),1.6Gg,−0.5Gg,,;−0.5Gg,,.−1.1Gg,.3Street[10]2000[8,22,23],,2000~2004(4).,.20047.03Gg,,0.74Gg,0.54Gg.,20000.58Gg0.90Gg.42000~20043.22000.,.,200080%..20004450kt,4020kt,430kt.Streets[6],,,.,Streets[6]1.6g/kg,6.9Gg.,1g/kg,,10g/kg[6],,18.3Gg.,,[6,24~26],,.,.,,3.7g/kg[6],(),0.283g/kg[17].0.12[6]0.004g/kg[17].10.2003,1994.,.,,3.7g/kg,10.7Gg.,Streets[10]20g/kg,57.7Gg,1.2Gg50.,82.9Gg,77.2Gg.,,.474(5).20082.97Gg().2000(5),1.99Gg,0.83Gg,0.50Gg.,,2000,;,..,2008.2000~2004,()2.13Gg1.71Gg.2004,2008.1999,20080.26Gg,1.97Gg,200840%.,.520082000420007.77Gg.,,95%.,,85%.,200085.0Gg,77.2Gg.2008,,,,2.97Gg.2000,20%.,,2004,40%.,2008.52008/Gg7090kt6100kt−0.001710kt2400kt+0.055500kt1300kt−1.99500kt5600kt−0.16−0.371320kt−0.42340kt−0.111150kt2920kt+0.31−2.70:19031904[DOI]2HorvathH.Atmosphericlightabsorption-areview.AtmosEnviron,1993,27(3):2933173IPCC.ClimateChange2001:TheScientificBasis.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,20014MenonS,HansenJ,NazarenkoL,etal.ClimateeffectsofblackcarbonaerosolsinChinaandIndia.Science,2002,297:22502252[DOI]5LightyJS,VeranthJM,SarofimAF.Combustionaerosols:Fac-torsgoverningtheirsizeandcompositionandimplicationstohu-manhealth.JAirWasteManageAssoc,2000,50(9):156516186StreetsDG,GuptS,WaldhoffST,etal.BlackcarbonemissionsinChina.AtmosEnviron,2001,35:42814296[DOI]7BondTC,StreetsDG,YarberKF,etal.Atechnology-basedglobalin-ventoryofblackandorganiccarbonemissionsfromcombustion.JGeo-phyRes-Atmos,2004,109,D14203,doi:10.1029/2003JD003697[DOI]8,.2000-2002.:,20049BerginMH,CassGR,XuJ,etal.Aerosolradiative,physical,andchemicalpropertiesinBeijingduringJune1999.JGeophyRes-Atmos,2001,106(D16):1796917980[DOI]10StreetsDG,BondTC,CarmichaelGR,etal.AninventoryofgaseousandprimaryaerosolemissionsinAsiaintheyear2000.JGeophyRes-Atmos,2003,108(D21):8809[DOI]11SintonJE,FridleyDG.Whatgoesup:recenttrendsinChina'sen-ergyconsumption.EnergyPolicy,2000,28(10):671687[DOI]12.2001.:,200113..,1994,(5):3014,,,..,2002,21(3):24224715ReddyMS,VenkataramanC.Inventoryofaerosolandsulphurdi-oxideemissionsfromIndia:I-Fossilfuelcombustion.AtmosEn-viron,2002,36(4):677697[DOI]16ReddyMS,VenkataramanC.Inventoryofaerosolandsulphurdi-oxideemissionsfromIndia.PartII-Biomasscombustion.AtmosEnviron2002,36(4):699712[DOI]17ChenY,ShengG,BiX,etal.EmissionfactorsforcarbonaceousparticlesandpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbonsfromresidentialcoalcombustioninChina.EnvironSciTech,2005,39:18611867[DOI]18BondTC,CovertDS,KramlichJC,etal.Primaryparticleemis-sionsfromresidentialcoalburning:opticalpropertiesandsizedistributions.JGeophyRes-Atmos,2002,107(D21):8347[DOI]19CohenJT,HammittJK,LevyJI.Fuelsforurbantransitbuses:acost-effectivenessanalysis.EnvironSciTech,2003,37(8):14771484[