天然气水合物勘探_开发_储运_环境响应研究新进展_第五届天然气水合物

---第五届天然气水合物国际会议简介胡高伟1,2,张剑2,3,业渝光2,3,刁少波2(1.,430074;2.,266071;3.,266003):主要根据第五届天然气水合物国际会议(ICGH5)的资料,介绍了天然气水合物勘探开发储运和环境响应研究的新进展在勘探开发方面,主要使用多维地震和核磁共振等方法来研究天然气水合物的分布情况,并根据天然气水合物声阻抗与沉积物孔隙度之间的关系来估算天然气水合物的资源量;在储运方面,与传统的液化天然气方法相比,以天然气水合物丸粒形式储运天然气所需的费用和所消耗的总能量以及所释放出的CO2相对较少;在环境响应方面,对深海储存CO2以及CH4流体对海洋和大气影响的研究,为解决天然气水合物可能引起的环境问题提供了新的思路最后,介绍了各国天然气水合物的研究情况,并对天然气水合物研究中尚需解决的问题进行了展望:ICGH5;天然气水合物;勘探;储运;环境响应:P618.13:A:10007849(2006)04003309(naturalgashydrate,NGH)(),Milkov[1],m(C)3.61018g,()2,,,(TheFifthInternationalConferenceonGasHydrates,ICGH5),---,1[2],,(bottomsimulatingreflectors,BSR),BSR,wB20%wB10%BSR,BSR[2],,;,,,,,Egeberg[3]ODP997,,,,,第25卷第4期2006年7月地质科技情报GeologicalScienceandTechnologyInformationVol.25No.4Jul.2006:20060104::(GZH200200202):(1982),,,,(ICGH5),(1)天然气水合物的探测(amplitudeversusoffset,AVO)BSR[4]Nouz[5]1999Zoneco5BSR(70000km2),Fairway2,,Saeki[6],(NankaiTrough)Kumano,,BSR,Kumano,BSRWestbook[7]PSStoregga,,BSRvp;Storegga,vpvsHaacke[8],BSR,BSR;BSR,,Bnz[9],PS,,P,,Asakawa[10]1996~19974Accaino[11],,,,(2)海底热流分布的研究Jin[12]BSR,50~85mW/m2,65mW/m2,NWSE,Willoughby[13]CascadiaODP889B,(seafloorcompliancemethods)3,,2:(controlledsourceelectromagnetic,CSEM);:,,,,Fujii[14]16,4,21,,(3)资源的估算Murray[15],,(densitymagneticresonance,DMR),DMR34地质科技情报2006年(sonicporosity),Chand[16],vpvs,Mller[17],vpAVO,BSRBSR,,(amplitudevariationwithangleanalysis,AVA)5%,5%(reflectioncoefficientversusangle,RVA)Lorenson[18],C1/(C2+C3),C1/CO2,iC4/nC4(sulfatemethaneinterface,SMI)Takeuchi[19]NankaiTokaiAtsumi2,Tokai,,Minami[20],,0.5mSO2-4;,2mSO2-4SO2-4SO2-4CH4,SO2-4CH4Ussler[21],SMISO2-4,SMI300cm,(dissolvedinorganiccarbon,DIC)(13CDIC),80%(4)实验Priest[22](),,3%~5%,,;,Yang[23],vp,vp,Ye[24](1)Winters[25](GHASTLI),,vp2km/s(21%),Ottawavp3km/s(19%)Ellis[26],,图1天然气水合物形成过程中声学特性的变化情况[24]Fig.1Changesofacousticcharacteristicsduringtheformationofhydrate22:,,,,NGH,,;,(2)1996,Gudmundsson[27],,(liquefiednaturalgas,35第4期胡高伟等:天然气水合物勘探-开发-储运-环境响应研究新进展图2天然气水合物运输过程示意图Fig.2TransportationprocessofgashydrateLNG)25%,,NGH,Iwasaki[28]Kanda[29]Takaoki[30]MES(MitsuiEngineering&ShipbuildingCo.Ltd.)Iwasaki[28],253K,,20mm,,253K(23.4%)0.6t/d,,0.9Takaoki[30]MES(3):(processdevelopmentplant,PDP),,,,NGH,,,,PDPKanda[29]MES,MES4,,2NGHLNG,12CO21,NGHLNG0.4Mt/a(2778km)1Mt/a(6482km)2,NGHLNG18%~25%,NGHCO2LNG;,NGH图3MES公司的天然气水合物储运模式[30]Fig.3NGHtransportationmodelbyMES图4以NGH丸粒形式海上运输天然气链状图[29]Fig.4NaturalgasoceantransportchainintheformofNGHpellets36地质科技情报2006年LNG6%~14%,NGH,,NGH(1Mt/a)LNG,Kanda[29]:;;;;;NGHMES,20101NGHLNGCO2([29])Table1Comparisonofspecificationandcapitalcost,energyrequiredradioandCO2emissionbetweenNGHandLNG/(Mta-1)0.41NGHLNGNGHLNG1./m3()500002300001550004125000160000230000m311300004125000m31()50000m3230000m3155000m34125000m31/(Mta-1)0.40.4112./1802303304508010024018060110110250320440680880/km27786482NGHLNGNGHLNG2141/%10.314.510.114.5/%3.42.65.63.7/%1.40.31.60.3/%15.017.417.318.5NGH/LNG()0.8610.941CO2/(ta-1)1900220058005900NGH/LNG(CO2)0.8610.981:MES2003;49622.24kJ/kg;CO2(1994):CO24.1841010kJ0.5639Gg;CCO24.1841010kJ0.8180Gg34:;;CH4CO2;CH4[31]Zeng[32],,PVP(),Kennett[33],,,,,,,,(ClathrateGun),,[33]Kennett[33]:;;()CO2,,CO2Jadhawar[34]CO2,Andersson[35]CO2CO2CO2,CO2CO2,CO237第4期胡高伟等:天然气水合物勘探-开发-储运-环境响应研究新进展,,,,Jadhawar[34]CO2CH4,CH4,CO2,42,,,,,MES,2010[32,3637];Osadetz[38],8.821012m3;,[39],,,[40],(NMR),[41],Gupta[42];[4346][33,4749],,Zhu[50],BSR,,(13CPDB)-102.6~-57.8,;(13C)-43.8~-24.0,,Zhu[50]Wang[51]ODP11482Table2StatisticsofpapersfromdifferentcountriesonICGH5/%6827.53;;;;;3212.96;;;;176.88;;166.48;;135.26;;;135.26;;;;124.86;;;124.86;;;83.24;;;4919.84;;;;;93.64;;;;247100;;,;;,5%~20%,10%~20%,,,,,;,(differentialscanningcalorimetry,DSC),;,[17];[52],[53],,,CO2[34],3,,,55(ICGH5),:,38地质科技情报2006年,,,;,,X,CT,,X,,,,,CO2,CH4,,,,,,;,,,,LNG,NGH,,CH4CO2,:[1]MilkovAV,SassenR.PreliminaryAssessmentofResourcesandEconomicPotentialofIndividualGasHydrateAccumulationsintheGulfofMexicoContinentalSlope[J].MarineandPetroleumGeology,2003,20:111-128.[2],,,.[J].,2004,24(4):102-107.[3]EgebergPK,DickensGR.ThermodynamicandPoreWaterHalogenConstraintsonGasHydrateDistributionatODPSite997(BlakeRidge)[J].ChemicalGeology,1999,153(1-4):53-79.[4],,,.AVO[J].,2004,20(6):31-35.[5]NouzH,LafoyY,GliL,etal.FirstResultsofaHighResolutionSeismicStudyofaBottomSimulationReflectorintheFairwayBasin,OffshoreNewCaledonia[C]Anon.ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonGasHydrates.Trondheim,Norway:[s.n.],2005:875-881.[6]SaekiT,HayashiM,InamoriT,etal.VelocityStructureoftheKumandBasinintheNankanTrough[C]Anon.ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonGasHydrates.Trondheim,Norway:[s.n.],2005:683-689.[7]WestbookGK,BuenzS,CamerlenghiA,etal.MeasurementofPandSWaveVelocities,andtheEstimationofHydrateConcentrationatSitesintheContinentalMarginofSvalbardandtheStoreggaRegionofNorway[C]Anon.ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonGasHydrates.Trondheim,Norway:[s.n.],2005:726-735.[8]HaackeRR,WestbrookGK,PeacockS,etal.SeismicAnisotropyfromaMarineGasHydrateSystemWestofSvalbard[C]Anon.ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonGasHydrates.Trondheim,Norway: