抗生素在环境中降解的研究进展

,2009,30(3):8994ProgressinVeterinaryMedicine刘伟1,王慧1,陈小军1,杨大为1,匡光伟2,孙志良1*(1.,410128;2.,410006):抗生素进入环境后会经过吸附迁移和降解等一系列生物转化过程从环境中逐步清除抗生素在环境中降解主要有水解光解和生物降解等方式生物降解是大部分抗生素降解的主要途径,其中耐药菌株的降解作用尤为重要水解主要受pH影响,光敏剂土壤中的水分和氧化剂等能显著加速光解,微生物的生长条件决定生物降解的速率抗生素在粪肥中以光解为主,土壤中主要是生物降解,而水体中三种降解方式都相当重要研究不同介质中的抗生素降解方式降解机理和各种影响降解的因素对探索处理抗生素污染和残留的最佳途径具有相当重要的意义:抗生素;环境;水解;光解;生物降解:X171.5:A:10075038(2009)0300890619991328,35%;200016200,70%;100000~200000[1],,,,:20081225:湖南省科技厅重点项目(2008NK2007):刘伟(1983-),男,湖南郴州人,硕士研究生,主要从事兽医药理与毒理学研究*[24].[D].:,2007.[25]ShkapV,deVosAJ,ZweygarthE,etal.Attenuatedvaccinesfortropicaltheileriosis,babesiosisandheartwater:thecontinuingnecessity[J].TrendsinParasitol,2007,23(9):420426.ProgressonOvineTheileriosisandGeneticallyEngineeredVaccineinChinaZHANGBao,LIYouquan,LUOJianxun,YINHong(LanzhouVeterinaryResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Lanzhou,Gansu,730046,China)Abstract:OvinetheileriosisiscausedbyTheileriaspeciesandtransmittedbytickstosheepandgoats.Vaccinalpreventionisthemostsafeandeffectivemeasuretocontrolanderadicateovinetheileriosis.ButthereisnovaccineagainstovinetheileriosisinChina.Vaccinaldevelopmentisstillinthestageofsearchinggoodantigens.Theprogressofthestudyonovinetheileriosisandvaccinalpreventionagainstthiskindofdiseasewassummarizedinthispaper.Meanwhile,thetendencyofdevelopmentonfuturevaccinalpreventionwasdiscussed.Keywords:ovine;theileriosis;geneticallyengineeredvaccine3,,;,[2][3],(),1340ng/L,,(),,[4]1,,(),,,,,1.1,,,,,[5]pH,pH1.2,,,,,,22.1pHpH,[6][7]PaesenJ[8]AB,,AApH,pH,pH[9],,,,;[10]pH,()[11]2.22.2.1光降解机理,[12][13]()(),,,,902009303(188)C7,FabreH[14],,2.2.2光降解的主要反应类型2.2.2.1,,OHO2,[15]90min,(chemicaloxygendemand,COD)93.1%2.2.2.2,,2.2.2.3,,,,,1d2.2.2.4,,,,254nm,[16]2.2.3环境中影响抗生素光降解的因素2.2.3.1,NO3-NO2-Fe3+Fe2+NaClTiO2,,(pH7.5),1h,30%;2000mg/LTiO2,15min,95.5%97.2%[17]2.2.3.2,,,,[18]DimouAD[19],,,30min91.5%88.3%[17]2.2.3.3pH[20],pH7.0,Ca2+Mg2+Zn2+Cu2+,,;pH8.5,Ca2+Mg2+,pH7.0Ca2+Mg2+pH60min,pH7.5,lh,30%,pH6.38.5,10%,pH7.5[17]2.2.3.4()TorniainenK[21][22]TiO2/ZnO,pH5,,90d~240d,,,7d~14d,[23]JungJY[24],,2.3,2.3.1微生物降解[25]42.3.1.1,,,91:,H2OCO2,,,3[26](),,,:,!,∀#∃%,,TetX2.3.1.2(1)pH,,pH6.5~8.5,25&~45&,,(2),,,(3),[27],,,;3mm,0mm~0.8mm(4),,2.3.2植物降解,,,3:;!;∀:;,2.4,,33.1,,,[28],[29]80.1mg/kg14d~28d,350mg/kg28d~56d;11.5d,30d97%[30]Michael,120d,20&,20d,[31]3.2(),[32]922009303(188)HollyD[33],3(),,()(tetracycline,TTC)(terramycin,OTC)(aureomycin,CTC),TTCCTCOTC,[34],,[35],15d10%,,90%,[36]3.3,,[37],,[38],NaokoW,[39]4,,,,,,,,,:[1]KmmererK.Significanceofantibioticsintheenvironment[J].JAntimicrobialChemotherapy,2003,52:57.[2],,,.[J].,2008,27(3):371374.[3],,,.[J].,2007,16(2):384388.[4].[D].:,2005.[5],,.[J].,2008,39(2):393397.[6]VolmerDA,HuiJP.Studyoferythromycindecompositionproductsinaqueoussolutionbysolidphasemicroextractionliquidchromatography/tandemmassspectrometry[J].RapidCommunMassSpectrom,1998,12(3):123129.[7],.[J].:,2004,25(6):249265.[8]PaesenJ,CypersW,BussonR,etal.IsolationofdecompositionproductsofTylosinusingliquidchromatography[J].JChromatographyA,1995,699(1/2):99106.[9].[D].:,2003.[10],,.[J].,2001,20(4):14.[11]KeithAL,CraigDA,MichaelTM,etal.Effectsofionicstrength,temperature,andpHondegradationofselectedantibiotics[J].JEnvironQual,2008,37:378386.[12],.[J].,2007,37(4):550556.[13].[D].:,2004.[14]FabreH,IborkH,LernerDA.Photoisomerizationkineticsofcefuroximeaxeti1andrelatedcompounds[J].JPharmSci,1994,83(4):553558.[15].[J].,2006,33(161):3941.[16]LernerDA,BonnefondG,FabreH,eta1.Photodegradationpathsofcefotaxime[J].JPharmSci,1988,77(8):699703.[17],,.[J].,2008,33(2):15.[18]HuCQ,GuDZ,ChangGL,etal.Studiesonthecharacteristicsofphotolyticreactionofquinoloneantibiotics[J].ActaPharmSinica,1999,34(11):848.[19]DimouAD,SakkasVA,AlbanisTA.Metolachlorphotodegradationstudyinaqueousmediaundernaturalandsimulatedsolarirradiation[J].JAgricFoodChem,2005,53:694701.[20].[D].:,2007.[21]TorniainenK,TammilehtoS,UlviV.TheeffectofpH,buffertypeanddrugconcentrationonthephotodegradationofciprofloxacin[J].IntJPharma,1996,132(1):5361.[22],,.TiO2/ZnO[J].,2003,25(1):1719.[23].[J].,2003,4(6):3941.93:[24]JungJY,YoungheeK,JungkonK,etal.EnvironmentallevelsofultravioletlightpotentiatethetoxicityofsulfonamideantibioticsinDaphniamagna[J].Ecotoxicology,2008,17(1):3745.[25],,,.[J].,2008,13(4):97101.[26].:[J].:,2006,33(1):3436.[27],.[J].,2005(5):6163.[28],,.[J].2008,24(3):6973.[29]SarmahAK,MeyerMT,BoxallAB.Aglobalperspectiveontheuses,sales,exposurepathways,occurrence,fateandeffectsofveterinaryantibiotics(VAs)intheenvironment[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(5):725759.[30],,.:,.∋∋∋[C].:,2006:132140.[31]SchlusenerMP,BesterK.Persistenceofantibioticssuchasmacrolidestiamulinandsalinomycininsoil[J].EnvironmentalPolltuion,2006,143(3):565571.[32]HeatherNS,KimSC,KathyCD,etal.Responseofantibioticsandresistancegenestohighintensityandlowintensitymanuremanagement[J].EnvironQual2007,36:16951703.[33]HollyD,SatishG,SallyN.Antibioticdegradationduringmanurecomposting[J].EnvironQual,2008,37:12451253.[34],,,.[J].,2006,39(2):337343.[35],,,.[J].,2007,26(5):17841788.[36],,,.[J].2007