输气管道泄漏率计算与扩散模拟方法述评

:2006-09-11:2007-03-021,2,1(1.(),102249;2.,100029):,,;,,:;;;;:TE973:A:1004-9614(2007)04-0015-04ReviewonLeakageCalculationandDischargingDispersionSimulationforGasPipelineYUMing1,DIYan2,SHUAIJian1(1.DepartmentofMechanicalandEngineering,ChinaUniversityofPetroleum,Beijing102249,China;2.TechnologyDevelopmentDepartment,SINOPEC,Beijing100029,China)Abstract:Theimportantmeaningofstudyonleakagemodelanddischargingdispersionsimulationforgaspipelinetoaccidentconse2quenceevaluationandaccidenttreatmentofpipelineleakagewasanalyzed.Thesteadyandtransientcalculationmodelsforgaspipelineweresummarized,andtheapplicableextensionwasindicated.Dischargingdispersionsimulationmodelsandtheircharacteristicsforgaspipelinewerepresented.Establishingsimplesimulationmodels,simulatingwith3-Dmodelsandturbulentstatisticstheoryandturbulentmodelstheorywereproposed.Keywords:pipeline;gas;leakagerate;riskevaluation;dispersionsimulation0,,,,[1-3],,,,[4-5],,[2],,,[4-5]11.12[6-7],,,,;[8],,,,,,,1.2,,,()[5,8-12]:(1),;,(2),,,,,;,,,,,(3),20074PipelineTechniqueandEquipment2007No14,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,(4),,,,,,,(5)()2,,1,L12.1,,,,,[13]:Qh=CDAhp2MwZRT2[2/(+1)]+1-112,pap2RcpQh=CDAhp22MwZRT2(-1)pap22-pap2+112,pap2Rcp(1):Q,kg/s;Mw,g/mol;CD;Ah,m2;;Z;R,J/kmol;T,K;pa,MPa;Rcp,pa/p2=[2/(1+)]/(-1),,[3-4]:Qp=d24M2(p22)12=ApM2p2MwZRT212(2)2.2,,()2.2.1Helena[15](1998),,,,:(1),,,u1u2p2T2;,p1u2p2T2,:T2=Y1Y2T1AhApp2MwRT22+1+1-112=M2p2MwRT112=M1p1MwRT112+12lnM22M21Y1Y2+(Ap/Ah)2[2/(+1)+1-11-M22M21+4fFLed=0(3):fF;Le,m;d,m;Ap,m2.(2),,u1u2p2T2;,p1u2p2T2,:AhApp2MwRT22-1pap22-pap2+112=M2p2MwRT112=M1p1MwRT112+12lnM22M21Y1Y2+-12(Ap/Ah)2pap1M2M1Y2Y1122-pap1M2M1Y2Y112+11-M22M21+4fFLed=0(4)(3),,u1Qh;,p1Qh,:Qh=AhMp1{Mw/(RT1)[2/(+1)]+1-1}12+12ln2Y1(+1)M21+(Ap/Ah)2[2/(+1)]+1-11-1M2+4fFLed=0(5),16PipelineTechniqueandEquipmentJul12007,JoAhn[2]DongYH[13,16-17],,,,JoAhn[3](2003),,,:Qh=d24M30p2tp01p2t2(-1)M23+2+1-112p2t=p0(1+1)/(+1)=2M232fFLd(+1)2(-1)M23+2(+1)/(-1)(6):,=AhCD/Ap;p2t,N/m.,,020%,0,-p-2fFpu2L/d=uup/L=-2fFu2/duu.,,,LuoJH[14](2006)7%,,0uuu2,()Qh=d241/(2L)0p0+1+11+(-1)/(1-)=22M23L(+1)2(-1)M23+2(+1)/(-1)L=1(+1)1-p2tp0+1+2M23p2tp0+12(-1)M23+2(+1)/(-1)lnp2tp02M23p2tp0+12(-1)M23+2(+1)/(-1)=1+ln(1+)2L(+1)11-22+1(+1)/(-1)11+(7):L,L=2fFL/d;,2.2.2[13,15-17],,,,,Qt=-Vpdtdt(8):Vp,m3;t,kg/m3.(1),,p1T1u1u2p2T2,(9)(3):ptp0=F2/(-1)tTtT0=F2t(9)Ft=1/(1+t).(2),,p1T1u1u2p2T2,(10)(4):ddt=-(-B)1/2AC1p1p0sub=TtT0sub/(-1)(10):,B;0sub(3),,p1T1u1Qh,(9)(5),DongYH[13,16-17],,,,,30%;;115MPa,30%3,,Gaussian,,Sutton22,[8],[10]Zemman1982,4:17,()[20],,[10],(),,,(),(),,GaussianSutton,[11][8],,,,,,,,,(),[21]K-,,20%[12]CFD,Fluent,,90,,,[5]Fluent,,:,,4,,,;,,:[1],,,..,2006,25(2):47-49.[2]JOYD,AHNBJ.Analysisofhazardareasassociatedwithhigh2pressurenatural2gaspipelines.JournalofLossPreventionintheProcessIndustries,2002(15):179-188.[3]JOYD,AHNBJ.Asimplemodelforthereleaserateofhazardousgasfromaholeonhigh2pressurepipelines.JournalofHazardousMaterials,2003(A97):31-46.[4],,,..,2002,21(8):35-41.[5],..,2005(5):89-93.[6]..,2003(7):98-100.[7]..,2001(1):14-16.[8],,..,2004(8):102-104.[9],..,1999,16(4):118-121.[10],,..,2000,28(1):33-36.[11],,,..,2001,22(4):22-25.[12],,.CFD.,2002(1):21-23.[13],,,..,2004,25(1):55-58.[14]LUOJH,ZHENGM,ZHAOXW,etal.Simplifiedexpressionforesti2matingreleaserateofhazardousgasfromaholeonhigh2pressurepipelines.JournalofLossPreventionintheProcessIndustries,2006(19):362-366.[15]HELENAM,JUANA.Mathematicalmodelingofaccidentalgasreleas2es.JournalofHazardousMaterials,1998(59):211-233.[16]DONGYH,GAOHL,ZHOUJE,etal.Evaluationofgasreleaseratethroughholesinpipelines.JournalofLossPreventionintheProcessIn2dustries,2002(15):423-438.[17]DONGYH,GAOHL,ZHOUJE,etal.Mathematicalmodelingofgasreleasethoughholesinpipelines.ChemicalEngineeringJournal,2003(92):237-241.[18]JOYD,AHNBJ.Amethodofquantitativeriskassessmentfortrans2missionpipelinecarryingnaturalgas.JournalofHazardousMaterials,2005(A123):1-12.[19]SKLAVOUNOSS,RIGASF.Estimationofsafetydistancesinthevicinityoffuelgaspipelines.JournalofLossPreventionintheProcessIndustries,2006(19):362-366.[20]ZERMANO.Thedynamicsandmodelingofheavier2than2aircoldgasre2leases.AtmosEnnron,1982,16(5):741-751.[21],,..,2003(3):25-28.:(1980),,18PipelineTechniqueandEquipmentJul12007