滨海核电厂环境功能区调整问题分析

29320109:10023682(2010)03002809*李立立,郭佩芳,于宁(,266100):滨海核电站的建设导致电站附近海域现有使用功能与原有的环境功能出现矛盾,因此有必要进行环境功能区的调整但由于核电发展在我国尚属起步阶段,相关方面的标准规范尚不完善,因此在针对核电用海进行近岸海域环境功能区的调整过程中呈现出一些问题,例如,混合区的确定问题余氯和放射性废液的排放问题以及数值模拟的科学性等通过对这些问题进行分析,提出建议,为进一步完善国家相应的标准规范提供依据,以便更好的保护海洋环境:滨海核电站;环境功能区;调整;余氯;放射性核素;数值模拟:P748:A(IPCC),50a,,200589.9%,10.1%,,64.2%35.8%,!,,,,,,1近岸海域环境功能区1.1!∀,,*∀:20090927:(1985),,,.Email:[e-mail]..2007...1999.(张骞编辑)29,:29,,,,!,,#!!,[1]∃,,,!,#,(510),[1]∃1.2!,,[2]!!,::;:;:;:,,2滨海核电站近岸海域环境功能区调整的原因!!!,19902!,6!,,,,,:20087,,,,[3],,,,,!,,,,303,:,,,,,,,3进行近岸海域环境功能区调整时呈现出的问题3.1!!,,![1,2],!:#,∃;!:#1%,2%,4%&∃,4%,,10%,;,,,,,,,3.2,,,[4,5],,,,,,&..1999.29,:31,pH[5,6]pHNH3,;,,,,,[5,7,8],,,[5,9]11Table1Impaceofresidualchlorineonlivingorganisms/mg∋L-10.260%~80%[5,10]0.03[5,10]0.01~0.02[11]0.0112d[12],!(!,0.5mg/L[13],,,,:,,3.3,3:()()()32518990125137,,,54555960575890959599103106141144147239207,,,,6032131,,,,,323[14]:1),,,,;2)90,,27.7a,90,;3)137,,30a,,,;4)60,,,,60;5)131,,,,131,,,!5,2[2]:2Table2Regulationsrelatedtoofradionuclide,asspecifiedinseawaterqualitystandard35/Bq∋L-160Co0.0390Sr4106Ru0.2134Cs0.6137Cs0.7!5,5,H3,I131,Zn65,3.4,,(4%,1%)29,:33(),(),,,(),()[15],,3,13,213Fig.1Comparisonamongtheareasenvelopingthepositiveisallothermsintheseasurfacelayer,asrespectivelyresutingfromthe3modelsforanuclearpowerstation:1)(2%);2)1%:1),,;2),,;,,,,,,,,,,3,#∃343,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4结论和建议4.11)!!,,;2),!;3)5,5,;4)4.21),2),(((,,,,;,3),,GB8976-1996(,,69[12],,,GB3544-92,GB4914-85GB8976-1996(,,,#∃,29,:35,,,,,,:[1]HJ/T82(2001([S].:,2002.[2]GB3097-1997[S].:,2004.[3].[EB/OL].[20080728]=4&ContentId=22319.[4]HUANGZG,CAIRX.Marinefoulingorganismsandantifouling[M].Beijing:OceanPress,1984:1.[5],,,.[J].,2005,25(10):27172723.[6]RAJAGOPALS,VANDERVELDEG,VANDERGAAGM,etal.Howeffectiveisintermittentchlorinationtocontroladultmusselfoulingincoolingwatersystems?[J].WaterResearch,2003,37(2):329338.[7]COHENGM,VALENZUELAJM.Gilldamageinthemosquitofish,gambusiaaffinis,causedbychlorineinfreshwater[J].ScienceofBiologyJournal,1977,361371.[8]MITZSV,GIESYJP.SewageeffluentbiomonitoringI.Survival,growth,andhistopathologicaleffectsinchannelcatfish[J].Ecotoxicol.Environ.Saf.,1985,10:2239.[9]ZEITOUNIH.Theeffectofchlorinetoxicityoncertainbloodparametersofadultrainbowtrout(Salmogairdneri)[J].EnvironmentalBiologyofFishes,1977,1:189195.[10]LANGFORDTE.Ecologyandcoolingwaterusebypowerstations[J].Atom.,1988,385:47.[11],.[J].,2000,19(2):1418.[12],,.[J].,2004,5:95.[13]GB8976(1996([S].:,1997.[14],.[J].,2002,1:42.[15].[D].:,2007.363AnalysisonReadjustmentofCoastalFunctioningZoneforConstructingaNuclerPowerStationLILili,GUOPeifang,YUNing(CollegeofPhysicalandEnvironmentalOceanography,OceanUniversityofChina,Qingdao266100,China)Abstract:Anuclearpowerstationbeingconstructedatcoastmaycontradicttheseauseplanoftheoriginalenvironmentalfunctioningzonewherethestationisgoingtobe.Thereforeitisnecessarytoreadjusttheoriginalfunctionzoning.Atthepresent,nuclearpowerindustryisdeveloppinginitsinitialstageinourcountry,andtherelatedstandardsandspecificationsisimperfect.Someproblemsmightbeencounteredinthereadjustmentsofcoastalseafunctionzoningbecauseoftheseaareausedforanuclearpowerstation.Forexample,themixingseaareadetermination,therisidualclorineemission,theradionuclidewastewaterdischarge,andtherelatednumericalmodelrationality,etchavetobereasonablysolved.Throughtheanalyesontheseproblems,somesuggestionsareproposedinordertoprovidescientificfoundationforperfectingthenationalstandardsandspecificationsandforbetterprotectingthemarineenvironments.Keywords:nuclearpoweratcoast;environmentalfunctionzoning;readjustment;residualchlorine;radionuclide;numericalmodeling