生命周期评价的生猪规模化养殖环境影响分析

青岛科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）题目____________________________________________________________________指导教师__________________________辅导教师__________________________学生姓名__________________________学生学号________________________________________________________学院____________________________专业________________班______年___月___日基于生命周期评价的生猪规模化养殖环境影响分析环境影响分析张培栋王礼庆1309010103环境与安全工程环境科学1312017618基于生命周期评价的生猪规模化养殖环境影响分析摘要近几十年来，我国畜牧业快速发展，取得了诸多瞩目成就，但随着产业的发展和规模化程度的不断扩大，畜牧业污染也使我国的生态环境承受者巨大压力。本文采用生命周期评价的原理，以一头出栏生猪（体重为100kg）为研究对象，对生猪规模化养殖进行环境影响评价。本文主要从农作物种植、饲料加工、饲料原料运输、生猪饲养、废物（粪便）处理阶段来建立数据清单。根据生猪养殖过程中排放的N2O、CO2、CH4、CO、NO3、SOx、NOx、SO2、NH3等污染物，将生猪规模化养殖造成的环境影响分为全球变暖、环境酸化、水体富营养化三类，计算得到环境影响潜值分别为769.2kgCO2eq/FU、5.14kgSO2eq/FU、0.82kgPO43-eq/FU。其中CO2对全球变暖的贡献最大占85%，主要与生猪饲养过程中呼吸排放有关。NH3对环境酸化、水体富营养化的贡献最大，分别占53%和59%，主要与农作物种植和生猪肠道发酵有关。对三种环境影响潜值进行标准化和加权评估，酸化的环境影响负荷最大，其次是全球变暖，最后是水体富营养化，分别占总影响的55.65%、39.09%、5.25%。在生猪养殖的不同阶段中，种植阶段对环境的影响最大，占38.26%，主要与化肥的大量施用和农作物污染排放有关；其次是生猪饲养阶段，占35.38%，占12.83%，主要生猪代谢与柴油的消耗量有关。废物处理阶段和饲料加工阶段相对较少，分别占7.71%和5.84%，与处理工艺有关。关键词：畜禽养殖；生猪；规模化；生命周期评价ABSTRACTEnvironmentalimpactanalysisoflargescalepigbreedingbasedonlifecycleassessmentABSTRACTInrecentdecades,therapiddevelopmentofanimalhusbandryinourcountryhasmademanyachievements,butwiththedevelopmentoftheindustryandtheexpansionofthescaledegree,thepollutionofAnimalhusbandryhasbroughtalotofecologicalenvironmentpressure.Inthispaper,withaslaughteroflivepigsastheobjectofstudy,theprincipleoflifecycleassessmentwasusedtoevaluatetheenvironmentalimpactoflarge-scalepigbreeding.Inthispaper,thelistofdataaboutfertilizerproduction,cropcultivation,feedrawmaterialstransportation,pigbreedingandwastedisposalwasconcluded.AccordingtothepigbreedingprocessemissionsofN2O,CO2,CH4,CO,NO3,SOx,NOx,SO2,NH3andotherpollutants，theenvironmentalimpactofpigscalefarmingisdividedintothreecategories:globalwarming,environmentalacidificationandeutrophicationofwaterandtheenvironmentalimpactpotentialwas769.2kgCO2eq/FU,5.14kgSO2eq/FU,0.82kgPO43-eq/FUrespectively.Amongthese,CO2havethegreatestcontributiontoglobalwarming,accountingfor85%，itismainlyrelatedtorespiratoryemissionduringtheprocessoffeedingpigs.ThecontributionofNH3toenvironmentalacidificationandeutrophicationofwaterbodieswasthelargest,accountingfor53%and59%respectively，mainlyrelatedtocropplantingandpigintestinalfermentation.Afterstandardizedandweighted,acidificationisthemostimportantforenvironmentalimpact,followedbyglobalwarming,andtheeutrophicationofwater.Thetotalimpactwas55.65%,39.09%and5.25%respectively.Duringeachphaseoftheplanting,theplantingstagehadthegreatestimpactontheenvironment,accountingfor38.26%，mainlyrelatedtotheheavyuseofchemicalfertilizersandthedischargeofagriculturalcrops.thebreedingstageofpigbreedingandtheperiodoffeedtransportationaccountsfor35.38%and12.83%respectively，itismainlyrelatedtopigmetabolismandtheconsumptionofdieselfuel.Thetreatmentphaseandfeedprocessingphasewererelativelyfew,accountingfor7.71%and5.84%,itismainlyrelatedtothetreatmentprocess.KEYWORDS:Livestockandpoultrybreeding;Pig;Scale;Lifecycleassessment目录1前言........................................................................................................................11.1研究的背景与意义.............................................................................................11.1.1研究的背景............................................................................................................................11.1.2研究的意义............................................................................................................................11.2生命周期评价.....................................................................................................21.2.1生命周期评价的起源............................................................................................................21.2.2生命周期评价简介................................................................................................................21.2.3生命周期评价的意义............................................................................................................31.3生命周期评价在养殖业的国内外相关研究.....................................................31.4研究思路.............................................................................................................42生猪规模化养殖生命周期评价............................................................................62.1目标和范围的定义.............................................................................................................62.1.1研究目标................................................................................................................................62.1.2研究的范围............................................................................................................................62.1.3功能单位的确定....................................................................................................................62.2生命周期清单分析.............................................................................................72.2.1原料系统......................................................................................