美国生态水产养殖模式与常规混养模式的环境效应比较

2010264339－343JournalofEcologyandRuralEnvironment122331SylvanaLi451．2100422．2003363．2100264．202505．21004280∶2080%20%2。。COD、TP、TN、NH3-NNO－2-N21、0.12、2.06、0.340、0.021mg·L－125、0.15、2.56、0.706、0.113mg·L－1BOD5、PO43－-P、NO－3-Na。12.5%11.2%TPTN13.5%5.1%。80∶20。X－651X82A1673－4831201004－0339－05ComparisonBetweenAmericanEcologicalAquacultureandTraditionalPolycultureinEnvironmentalImpact．LI-ANGBin1ZHANGJian2ZHOUEn-hua2ZHANGYong-jiang3CHENHuan-gen3ZHUYi-ling1SylvanaLI4MIAOXu-bo51．NanjingInstituteofEnvironmentalSciencesMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionNanjing210042China2．AmericanSoybeanAssociationShanghai200336China3．JiangsuProvincialFisheryTechnologyExtensionStationNanjing210026China4．ForeignAgriculturalServiceUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureWashingtonDC20250USA5．EastChinaEnvironmentalSupervisionCentreMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionNanjing210042ChinaAbstractAnaquacultureexperimentwascarriedoutinYangzhongJiangsuProvincewithgrasscarpastheprincipalfishtocompareecologicalaquaculturewithtraditionalpolycultureinimpactonwaterqualityandsediments．Itwasfoundthattheformerwasobviouslysuperiortothelatterinyieldandeconomicprofit．Theannualmeanvaluesofsomeofthewa-terqualityindexessuchasCODTPTNNH3-NandNO2－-Nweremeasuredtobe210.122.060.340and0.021mg·L－1forthepondsofUS80∶20ecologicalaquacultureand250.152.560.706and0.113mg·L－1forthepondsoftraditionalpolyculture．Obviouslytheformerwasbetterthanthelatterrespectively．NosignificantdifferenceswerefoundincontentsofBOD5PO43－-PNO3－-Nandchlorophyll-a．Thebottomsedimentwas12.5%thinnerinthepondsoftheUS80∶20ecologicalpolyculturethaninthepondsofthetraditionalpolyculture11.2%higherinorganicmattercontentbut13.5%and5.1%lowerinTPandTN．Themechanismofgenerationofthepollutantshasbeenanalyzed．Keywordsecologicalaquacultureenvironmentalimpactpondwaterqualitysediment2006DFA915602008ZX07103－005－42009－11－13200470%12－3。、、、。COD、BOD、TN、TP、NH3-N4。。、5。。。61·340·26。11.16160m50m0.8hm2。。20084—11。。6。F1。1～380∶20680%20%。32/3。200841hm270g5250、100g1500。6510kg·hm－2。4～6。1hm270g2250、750g1500、1001500、1001500、1000300。1hm28790kg、5625kg、1125kg。、。4—111～329h4～6196h。。1.8m、1.5m。2.0m·s－111.3～32.5℃8266mm1423h。1.2、5、9—11146—82。900—1100。50cm3。。7。DOJPBJ－608。1～34～6。411110～5cm。5。、TP、TN8－10。1111010～12。1.32。。Tamhane'sT20.05。SPSS16.0。22.1111250g1020g2P＜0.05。5880kg·hm－21358kg·hm－27238kg·hm－23582kg·hm－2、3449kg·hm－27031kg·hm－2。。11.183.35。。2.220415·hm－258.7%8220·hm－226.2%。2.32.3.1CODBOD5、COD5BOD51。1CODCOD、4·341·。、COD11、21、25mg·L－1。COD。1CODBOD5ρFig．1VariationofCODandBOD5intheponds1BOD5。、BOD51.9、4.7、5.8mg·L－1。BOD5。BODCOD2。。2.3.2TPPO43－-P、TPPO43－-P2。2TPPO43－-P、。、TP0.06、0.12、0.15mg·L－1PO43－-P0.02mg·L－1。TP3PO43－-P。2TPPO43－-PρFig．2VariationoftotalphosphorusandPO43－-PinthepondsTPPO43－-P、。TP。PO43－-PPO43－-PPO43－-P。2.3.3TNTNNH3-N、·342·26NO－2-NNO－3-N3。3TN。、TN1.78、2.06、2.56mg·L－1。。NH3-N。、NH3-N0.220、0.340、0.706mg·L－1。TN。NO－3-N。、NO－3-N0.96、0.11、0.14mg·L－1。NO－2-N。、NO－2-N0.031、0.021、0.113mg·L－1。NH3-NNO－2-N11。NH3-N。NO－2-N、。NH3-NNH3-NNO－2-NNO－3-N。NH3-NNO－2-N。NO－3-NNH3-N1213。NH3-NNO－2-NDO0.5～3.0mg·L－1。3TN、NH3-N、NO－3-NNO－2-NρFig．3VariationoftotalnitrogenNH3-NNO－3-NandNO－2-Nintheponds2.3.4a、a4。4a、PO43－-PPO43－-P。、a0.040、0.092、0.095mg·L－1。4·343·4aρFig．4Variationofchlorophyll-aintheponds2.41。1Table1Thicknessofsedimentsandtheirnutrientcontentsoftheaquacultureponds/cm/g·kg－1TPTN2822.91.540.2803220.61.780.295112.5%11.2%TPTN13.5%5.1%。。380∶20。COD、TP、TN、NH3-NNO－2-N21、0.12、2.06、0.340、0.021mg·L－125、0.15、2.56、0.706、0.113mg·L－112.5%11.2%TPTN13.5%5.1%、。1．J．2006211－13．2．J．200441－5．3．J．200726319－332．4．J．2007131161－67．5．J．200936267－72．6M．C．．80∶20J．2007591－93．7《》．M．4．200224－671．8《》．M．3．1989464－464．9GB9837—88S．10GB7173—87S．11．J．2004941－43．12．J．2004435103－106．13．J．200924171－77．1973—。[e-mail]