北美裂缝性页岩气勘探开发的启示

:10000747(2007)04039209李新景,胡素云,程克明(中国石油勘探开发研究院):中国石油科技攻关项目非常规油气资源勘探开发及替代能源研究(0601C02):北美实践证明,非常规油气资源页岩气是现实的接替能源,勘探风险在于能否从低渗透的页岩储集层中获取经济可采储量,勘探目标是有机质和硅质含量高裂缝发育的脆性优质烃源岩页岩气生产机制复杂,涉及吸附气与游离气天然裂缝与诱导裂缝系统之间的相互关系在地质地化测井和地震综合评价基础上,通过水力压裂等增产措施提高储集层渗透能力是页岩气开采的关键中国广泛分布海相和湖相细粒碎屑岩,有效烃源岩多富含炭质灰质或硅质,已陆续发现裂缝性油气藏,有条件寻找丰富的页岩气资源,特别是液态烃在高成熟或过成熟阶段裂解产生的甲烷气滞留在烃源岩内形成的连续分布式非常规页岩气资源图3表5参34:页岩气;吸附气;裂缝;压裂;烃源岩储集层:TE122!!!:ASuggestionsfromthedevelopmentoffracturedshalegasinNorthAmericaLIXinjing,HUSuyun,CHENGKeming(ResearchInstituteofPetroleumExploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing100083,China)Abstract:ThehistoryofexplorationandproductioninNorthAmericashowsthatshalegasisarealisticalternativeenergy.Asanunconventionalresource,itscriticalriskiswhetherthelowpermeabilityshaleproducesgaseconomically.Sourcerockscouldbegoodreservoirsforgasiftheyhadrichorganicmaterialandabundantsilicawhichmakestheshalemorebrittle.Thecomplexproductionmechanisminvolvestherelationshipsbetweenabsorbedandfreegasesandbetweennaturalandinducedfractures.Toenhancethepermeabilitybyartificialhydraulicfracturingisakeystepforshalereservoirsonthebasisoftheevaluationofgeology,geochemistry,wirelineandseismicdata.ManyfracturedreservoirsinChinahavebeendiscoveredinextensivefineclasticsourcerocksfrommarineandlacustrineenvironments,withcarbonaceous/calcareousmudstoneorsiliceousshale.Theundiscoveredresourceswithineffectiveshalereservoirswouldbesignificant,especiallytheresourcesduetothesecondarythermogeniccrackingofoiltogasathighmaturity.Keywords:shalegas;absorbedgas;naturalfracture;hydraulicfracturing;sourcereservoir0(fracturedshalegas),,,,(AppalachianOhioMichiganAntrimIllinoisNewAlbanyArkomaAnadarkoWoodford)(FortWorthBarnettArkomaFayetteville/Caney)(SanJuanLewis),,[14],10,3;932380~2400m12t,;422828~2861m110t,8946m3[5,6],[710],392!!!!!!20078!!!!!!!!PETROLEUMEXPLORATIONANDDEVELOPMENT!!!!!!!Vol.34!No.4!,(PermianBarnettPaloDuroAlbertaSaskatchewanColoradoWhiteSpeckled),,11821,2020,70,1.96∀109m3(70bcf),808.4∀1010m3(3tcf)19891999,,,1.06∀1010m3(380bcf)2080MichiganAntrim,90200112,8,FortWorthNewarkEast(Barnett)MichiganAntrim(1)40000,1.68∀1010~1.96∀1010m3(600~700bcf),NewarkEast[11,12]1!(Kuuskraa,2006)/(107m3/d)2002200320041SanJuanSanJuan,NM/CO10.911.511.23NewarkEastFortWorth,TX1.72.23.14Wyodak/BigGeorgePowderRiver,WY2.52.22.55JonahGGRB,WY1.72.02.07Wattenberg/DJDenver,CO1.41.41.49CarthageEastTexas,TX1.41.41.410AntrimMichigan,MI1.41.11.411S.PiceancePiceance,CO0.81.11.7!!,,2090,21,,(1)[13]200220043%4%;FortWorthBarnett3.9∀1010m3(1.4tcf)(USGS,1990)8.4∀1010m3(3tcf)(USGS,1996)7.3∀1011m3(26tcf)(USGS,2004)1.1∀1012m3(39tcf)(AdvancedResources,2005),201013%[11,14],,1976(DOE)(EGSP),,1992;208090,(GTI)(GRI),,1!(Caldwell,2006)!!,(BritishColumbiaAlberta)WilrichNordegg/FernieDoig/DoigPhosphate/MontneyExshaw/BakkenIreton/Duvernay,2.4∀1013m3(860tcf)[15](CSUG)(BritishColumbiaBowser)Colorado393!20078!!!!!!!!!!!!!:[16]BritishColumbia2004,,2006,BritishColumbia22[17]()60%,2[18],38∀1012m310.5∀1012m3,,[19],,,,,,,,,(sourcereservoir)2(10%,2300m10%),,,,,,,,,:;,,CurtisJBBarnett(FortWorth)Ohio(Appalachian)Antrim(Michigan)NewAlbany(Illinois)Lewis(SanJuan)5,[20],,2.1(TOC)KentuckyAppalachianBigSandyOhioHuron2HuronTOC,[21],TOC,,TOC,,,TOC,,:2!BigSandyTOC([21],)!!,FortWorthT.P.Sims#2BarnettAppalachianChattanoogaTOC(y)(x)y=27.538x+67.886y=66.59x+60.154,[22],TOC,,,394#!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Vol.34!No.4!2.2,:(),,30a,5%(2%~3%),,,Curtis(2002),,,20%~85%,Barnett(20%),40%[20];,Barnett,20%FortWorthNewarkEastT.P.Sims#2Barnett,,40%~60%;Mavor(2003),BarnettGRI(),61%[12,23],Barnett40%~60%,,40%(2),,2!TOC(%)Ro(%)(%)(%)(107m3)BarnettFortWorth!!!!!1~12(Ro1.1%,4.5)0.6~1.640~6035~502.8~7.0OhioAppalachian!!!!!1~4.50.4~1.3(50)45~600.4~1.7AntrimMichigan!!!!!1~200.4~0.670~7520~410.6~3.4NewAlbanyIllinois!!!!!1~25(8)0.4~1.040~60(50)0.42~1.7+LewisSanJuan!!!!!1~2.51.6~1.960~8550~751.7~5.6WhiteSpeckledWCSB!!!!!1~11.9(1.69)50~70!!:Curtis(2002)USGSCSUGGCS;;WCSB2.3,,(ECS),250%,75%,,,,,,,2.4,,(1mD),MichiganAntrim;FortWorthNewarkEastBarnett;IllinoisNewAlbany,,(60%~70%);,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,395!20078!!!!!!!!!!!!!:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3(resourceplays),,,,,,,,3.176~2591m,3,,(3)[20,24]Barnett,,,Antrim3!(m)($1000)NewAlbanyAntrim76~610125~250OhioLewis914~1524250~300BarnettWoodford1829~2743450~6003.2,,,90%[22],FortWorthBarnett,,(4)(N2),Barnett,DevonXTOConocoPhillipsEnCanaEOGChesapeake,Devon4!FortWorthBarnett(108m3)()19850.31219900.8661982,N21986Mitchell(MHF),1990,N219851989(EUR)9.8∀106m3(0.35bcf)19955.62421992Mitchell1997(LSF),199911.25171998DevonBarnettViola219851999(EUR)2.4∀107m3(0.86bcf)200021.8698200136.71171200256.61771Devon2000,Viola,,19852002(EUR)3.4∀107m3(1.23bcf)20038423402004106.435002005138.64200()DevonEOGHallwoodFortWorth,Devon20052.8∀1010m3(1tcf),20029%~10%200410%~12%,200616%!:DOE/EIAM063(2005)HartEnergyAdvancesInUnconventionalGas(2007)!!2080Mitchell(2001Devon),2090,()()Barnett70%,,,,,19851989396#!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Vol.34!No.4!199920023(EUR)9.8∀106m3(0.35bcf)2.4∀107m3(0.86bcf)3.4∀107m3(1.23bcf),WiseDendonTarrant,Barnett,Ellenburger,(Ro1.1%)2000,20055(4)Quicksilver,FortWorthJohnson