程序员从初级到高级的10个建议

10TIPSFORADVANCINGFROMABEGINNERTOANINTERMEDIATEDEVELOPERBEGINNERDEVELOPERSWHOWANTTOTAKETHEIRCAREERTOTHENEXTLEVELMAYBESTYMIEDBYALACKOFRESOURCESANDRECOMMENDATIONS.JUSTINJAMESHELPSCLOSETHATINFORMATIONGAPWITH10SUGGESTIONSFORMAKINGTHELEAP.ATECHREPUBLICMEMBERRECENTLYMENTIONEDTHATBLOGS,ARTICLES,ANDMAGAZINESAIMEDATDEVELOPERSSEEMTOFALLINTOTWOCATEGORIES:ITEMSFORBEGINNERS(”HELLOWORLD”TYPETUTORIALS)ANDITEMSFOREXPERTS(MSDNMAGAZINE).IT’SAREALLYGOODPOINT;THERE’SVERYLITTLEINFORMATIONOUTTHERETOHELPADEVELOPERMAKETHELEAPFROMBEGINNERTOINTERMEDIATE.HEREARE10THINGSYOUNEEDTODOTOMAKETHATTRANSITION.NOTE:THISARTICLEORIGINALLYAPPEAREDASANENTRYINOURPROGRAMMINGANDDEVELOPMENTBLOGANDISALSOAVAILABLEASAPDFDOWNLOAD.1:LEARNANOTHERLANGUAGEITDOESN’TMATTERWHICHLANGUAGEYOULEARN,BUTLEARNINGANOTHERLANGUAGE(REGARDLESSOFHOWMANYYOUALREADYKNOW)WILLMAKEYOUABETTERDEVELOPER.IT’SBESTTOLEARNONETHATISSIGNIFICANTLYDIFFERENTFROMWHATYOUALREADYUSEONAREGULARBASIS.INOTHERWORDS,IFYOUAREACDEVELOPER,LEARNINGVB.NETORJAVAWILLNOTHELPYOUASMUCHASLEARNINGRUBYORGROOVY.ANDWHENISAY“LEARNANOTHERLANGUAGE,”IMEANREALLYLEARNIT.LEARNINGALANGUAGECONSISTSOFTHREEREALMSOFKNOWLEDGE:THESYNTAX,THEBUILT-INOPERATORSANDLIBRARIES,AND“HOWTOUSEIT.”THEFIRSTTWOAREEASY;ITHINKTHATANEXPERIENCEDDEVELOPERCANPICKUPENOUGHOFALANGUAGE’SSYNTAXTOMAINTAINCODEIN30MINUTESTOAFEWHOURSDEPENDINGUPONTHELANGUAGE.THEOPERATORSANDLIBRARIESAREJUSTAMATTEROFSLOWLYACCUMULATINGKNOWLEDGEANDBEINGWILLINGTOCHECKREFERENCEMATERIALSUNTILYOUMEMORIZEWHATYOUNEEDTOKNOW.BUTTHETHIRDITEM—“HOWTOUSEIT”-CANONLYBELEARNEDOVERMONTHSOFWORKINGWITHALANGUAGE,ANDTHAT’SWHERETHEREALMAGICHAPPENS.ISUGGESTDOINGAPROJECTTHATISWELLSUITEDFORTHATLANGUAGEANDDOINGITINTHATLANGUAGE’SSTYLE.TRULYLEARNANOTHERLANGUAGE,ANDIPROMISETHATYOURABILITIESASADEVELOPERWILLSTARTTOBLOSSOM.2:LEARNADVANCEDSEARCHTECHNIQUES,TACTICS,ANDSTRATEGIESMOREANDMORE,BEINGAGOODDEVELOPERISNOTJUSTABOUTYOURSKILL,BUTYOURSKILLATFINDINGINFORMATION.SIMPLYPUT,MODERNLANGUAGESANDDEVELOPMENTFRAMEWORKSARETOOLARGEFORMOSTPEOPLETOREMEMBERMUCHOFTHEM.ASARESULT,YOURABILITYTOGETWORKDONEISOFTENDEPENDENTUPONYOURABILITYTOPERFORMRESEARCH.UNFORTUNATELY,KNOWINGHOWTOFINDACCURATE,HIGH-QUALITYINFORMATIONISMORETHANJUSTHEADINGTOTECHREPUBLICFORTHEANSWERORTYPINGAFEWWORDSINTOYOURSEARCHENGINEOFCHOICE.TECHNIQUES,TACTICS,ANDSTRATEGIESMAYSOUNDLIKESYNONYMS,BUTTHEYARENOT.THETECHNIQUESYOUNEEDTOLEARNARETHEADVANCEDSEARCHSYSTEMSOFYOURFAVORITESEARCHENGINE.YOUNEEDTOLEARNTHINGSSUCHASTHEBOOLEANOPERATORS,HOWTOFILTERRESULTS(NEGATIVEKEYWORDS,DOMAINRESTRICTIONS,ETC.),WHATROLEWORDORDERPLAYS,ANDMORE.SOESSENTIALLY,RTFM.YOUSHOULDLEARNTACTICSSUCHASHOWTOAPPROACHANYPARTICULARSEARCHANDKNOWINGWHATYOUSHOULDYOUACTUALLYLOOKFOR.ERRORSAREEASY—JUSTLOOKFORTHEERRORCODE—BUTKEYWORDSELECTIONONMANYSEARCHESISMUCHMOREDIFFICULT.WITHREGARDTOSTRATEGIES,YOUNEEDTOLEARNTHINGSSUCHASWHATSEARCHENGINESTOUSE(HINT:GENERALPURPOSESEARCHENGINESARENOTALWAYSTHERIGHTANSWER),WHICHSITESTOVISITBEFOREGOINGTOAGENERALPURPOSESEARCHENGINE,ANDEVENWHICHMESSAGEBOARDSTOPOSTTOFORHELP.3:HELPOTHERSTEACHINGOTHERSISONEOFTHEBESTWAYSTOLEARNANYTHING.ITISUNDERSTANDABLETOTHINKTHATYOUDON’THAVEMUCHTOOFFERBECAUSEYOUARERELATIVELYNEWTOTHEDEVELOPMENTFIELD.THAT’SNONSENSE.REMEMBER,EVERYTHINGYOUKNOWYOULEARNEDFROMSOMEONEORSOMEWHERE;SOTRYBEINGTHESOMEONEANOTHERPERSONLEARNSFROM.SPENDAFEWMINUTESADAYTRYINGTOANSWERTHEQUESTIONSONTECHREPUBLICORANOTHERSITEASBESTYOUCAN.YOUCANALSOLEARNALOTBYREADINGOTHERMEMBERS’ANSWERS.4:BEPATIENTANDKEEPPRACTICINGRESEARCHSHOWSTHATITTAKES“ABOUT10YEARS,OR10TO20THOUSANDHOURSOFDELIBERATEPRACTICE”TOBECOMEAN“EXPERT.”THAT’SALOTOFTIME.FURTHERMORE,BECOMINGANEXPERTDOESNOTALWAYSMEANDOINGTHESAMETASKFOR10YEARS;ITOFTENMEANSDOINGAWIDEVARIETYOFTASKSWITHINAPARTICULARDOMAINFOR10YEARS.ITWILLTAKEALOTOFTIMEANDENERGYTOBECOMEAN“EXPERT”;WORKINGASADEVELOPERFORAFEWYEARSISNOTENOUGH.WANTTOBECOMEASENIORDEVELOPERINYOUREARLY30S?EITHERSTARTYOUREDUCATION/TRAININGSOONERORBEWILLINGTODOALOTOFWORK,READING,ANDPRACTICINGINYOURSPARETIME.ISTARTEDPROGRAMMINGINHIGHSCHOOL,ANDIDEVOTEDALOTOFOFF-HOURSTOKEEPINGUPWITHTHEINDUSTRY,LEARNINGNEWSKILLS,ANDSOON.ASARESULT,IHITTHEINTERMEDIATEANDSENIORLEVELDEVELOPERPOSITIONSSIGNIFICANTLYEARLIERINMYCAREERTHANMOSTOFMYPEERS,WHICHTRANSLATESTOANAWFULLOTOFMONEYOVERTIME.5:LEAVEYOURDOGMASATTHEDOORTIMEFORSOMEBRUTALHONESTY:BEGINNERDEVELOPERSPROBABLYDON’TKNOWENOUGHTOSTATETHATTHEREISONEBESTWAYOFDOINGSOMETHING.IT’SFINETORESPECTTHEOPINIONOFAFRIENDORANAUTHORITYFIGURE,BUTUNTILYOUAREMOREEXPERIENCED,DON’TCLAIMTHEIROPINIONSASYOUROWN.THESIMPLEFACTIS,IFYOUDON’TKNOWENOUGHTOFIGURETHESETHINGSOUTONYOUROWN,WHATMAKESYOUTHINKTHATYOUKNOWWHICH“EXPERT”ISRIGHT?IKNOWTHISSOUNDSREALLYHARSH,BUTPLEASEBELIEVEME;IHAVEMETFARTOOMANYBUDDINGDEVELOPERSWHOHADTHEIRCAREERSORTHEIRGROWTHSETBACKYEARSBECAUSETHEYGOTHUNGUPONSOMEFOOLISHPIECEOFADVICEORFOLLOWEDSOME“EXPERT”WHOREALLYDIDN’TKNOWWHATHEORSHEWASTALKINGABOUT.AGREATEXAMPLEOFTHISISTHEABUSEOFOBJECT-ORIENTEDARCHITECTURE.MANYBEGINNERSREADSOMEINFORMATIONABOUTOO,ANDSUDDENLYTHECLASSDIAGRAMSTOTHEIRSIMPLEAPPLICATIONSLOOKLIKETHEEIFFELTOWER.6:LEARNAFEWADVANCEDIDEASIN-DEPTHMUCHOFWHATGOESINTOBEINGANINTERMEDIAT