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Thisdocumentcanbedefinedas“anorganizedpresentationofinformationtoaspecificaudienceforthepurposeofhelpinganorganizationachieveanobjective”(Bowman&Branchaw,1988,p.12).Avicepresidentaskssubordinatestogatherandanalyzeinformationneededtomakeanoperationaldecision.Ahumanresourcessupervisorreliesonthefirm’slegalstafftointerpretgovernmentrequirementsforcompletingacompliancereport.Amanagerpreparesaproposalforthecompanytobidonagovernmentproject.Anadministratorinformsallsubordinatesaboutanewcompanypolicyonhiringtemporarypersonnel.Manyofthesesituationscallforinformationtobegathered,analyzedandrecommendationstobemade.Becauseconstraintsareimposedbygeography,time,andtechnicalexpertise,managersoftenrelyonotherstoprovidetheinformation,analysisandrecommendationstheyneedformakingdecisionsandsolvingproblems.Presentsinformation/data/researchUsesshort,conciseparagraphsandbullet-pointsAmorestandardformatorganizedintoseparatesections(executivesummary/recommendation)Agreaternumberofheadings(includingsubheadings)andVisualaids(tables,lines,barchart,piechart)ThirdpersonpronounsandnocontractionsorslangAlengthfromfivepagestoseveralhundredContentdesignedforinternaland/orexternalaudiencesCharacteristicsofReport:p295Thereareseveralmajorstepstypicallyinvolvedinwritingabusinessreport.Theseinclude:1)planning(includingdeterminingthescopeandtargetaudience)2)researching,organizing,evaluatingandanalyzingyourinformationsources3)draftingthebodysection4)devisingconclusionsandrecommendationsbasedonthefindings5)furtherdraftingandediting/proofreadingThereforecarefullyconsideryourreaders’likely:•priorknowledgeandexperiencewiththebackgroundinformation,technicallanguage,conceptsandcontextscoveredinthereport•interestinandpossibleopinionsregardingthereport’stopicAskyourselfthefollowingquestions:•Whatdomyreadersknowandthinkaboutthetopic?•Whatbackground,definitionsandotherinformationdotheyneed?•Whatquestionsorobjectionsmighttheyraiseabouttheissue/s?•Ismyaudience‘internal’,‘external’orboth?•Isitforreadersup,acrossordownthehierarchyoftheorganizationand/orpeoplefromoutside?Ifyoucanidentifyandassessyouraudiencewell,thenyoucanmatchyourcontent,visualsandstructuretotheirlevelofexpertise.Keepinmindforexamplethatthehigherupthechainofcommandareportitgoes,themorecondensedandformalitshouldbe.Amoregeneralaudience,incontrast,needslesstechnicalvocabularyandmoreexplanation.Inaddition,ifwritingthereportasagroup,ensureconsistencybyagreeingaboutcontent,structureandpresentation(includingfontsandheadings,linespacingandindenting)beforedraftingandalsoallocateeachgroupmemberaspecificrole(includingwhatareatheyneedtoresearch).1.Primarydataiscollectedbytheresearchertosolvethespecificproblemathand.first-handsourcesfromyourownresearch.(i.e.interviews,surveysandobservations)Secondarydataiscollectedbysomeoneelseforsomeotherpurpose;Itinvolvesexistinginformationbasedonotherpeople’sinvestigationsWorldwidewebandotherinternetresourcesJournal,magazine,newspaperBooks/TechnicalreportsBrochuresandpamphletsItisverytime-consumingandcostlytogatherprimarydata.Secondarydatawasusedmoreconvenientlythanprimarydata.Whenwearecollectingsecondarydata,weshouldthinkabout:1.Whatwasthepurposeofthestudy?Alongwithyourkeyaudience,youwillalsoneedtoestablishthekeyconceptsandissuesyouaredealingwithtogeneratekeywordsforyourresearch.2.Howwasthedatacollected?Fortheprimarydata,wecancollectitbyconductingsurveys,questionnaires,interviews,telephoneinquiriesandsoforth.Forthesecondarydata,itisusuallygoodtosearchthroughvariantchannelssuchassearchingengines,database,books,magazines,journals,andnewspapers.2.Allowtimetoreadwidelytolocatethebestresourcesrememberingthatyourreportshouldbesupportedbydocumentedsourceswhichareauthoritative,current,reliableandrelevant.Inparticular,toensureobjectivity,ifyouaredoingareportonaparticularorganization,don’tsolelyrelyoninformationfromthem.2.Wearewritingbusinessreportandalsoacademicreport,therefore,don’tuseinformationfromWikipediaorBaidubecausetheyarenotauthoritative.However,youcanusebooks,journalarticles,officialwebsites,videos,tapes,newspapers,newsfromTV,E-books.Forthetimelinessofinformation,youshoulduseresourceswithin10yearsaccordingtothetiminginthecase.Youdohavetomakein-textreferencetoeachsourcethatyouareusing.Howtobecomeaneffectivecommunicatorinbusinessworld?SearchingtheinternetJayproxyGoogle/学术搜索知网校内网用户图书馆/校内网用户/中文检索数据库/英文检索数据库官方网站Sony/Samsung/Dell《市场营销学》4PSWOT分析2.Usemorethan5academicresourcesDictionarycanbeoneofthem•1)Frontmatter•CoverPage•ExecutiveSummary•TableofContents•Appendices•2)BodyoftheReport•Introduction•FindingsandDiscussion•Conclusions•Recommendations3)BackMatter•Appendices(ListofFigures)•References•1)IntroductionTheintroductioniswhereyougivethereaderofthetasksetandwhatyouintendtocover.Theintroductionisagoodtimetoincludethestatementofaimsandobjectives;thisiswhenyousaywhatyouareplanningtodoandhowyouaregoingtodoit.Probleminintroduction:noaimorobjectivebadexample:Thisyearweseeoursalesdown30%onlastyear.Themarketgenerallywasflat.usefulsentencesforintroductione.g.'Thisre