政治民主与经济绩效

392()20073Vol139,No12JournalofEastChinaNormalUniversity(PhilosophyandSocialSciences)March,2007(,200433):,,,,,,:,,:;;;:D73:A:1000-5579(2007)02-0033-06,,:,,,?,,,,?:1991,,,,,,()(19471991)1947,,,:,[1](p19),:(1),,[2](p1246)(2),,:2007-01-02:(1975),,,333/4,90%,[3](3),,45%[2](p1426),,,300%,500%,,,,,20508030,3.5%,1%,[4](p1169),80,40%()(1991)80,80,,,1991,,:(1),,(2),,(3),176,(4),(5),,40%74%(6),,,,,,,,,(),,,,:(1),,,;,,,,,;,,,,(2),,,,1972,177,,1977807,830,2000200169797,,,200125,,,,,,43;,,,,,,,,,,,:1991,,,,,,(),[5]vol.25(pp1126-157),,,,,[6](pp19-23),,,,,,[7](p1500)(asystemofmajorityvoting),[8](pp135-63),,,,J(RobertJ.Barro)(RaymondD.Gastil),,,,,,015,,015,,,,,,2,U,:[]J::,,:2004,42,,,,,,,53,,,(),,,,:(1),,,(politicalcharacter)(2),,,,,,,,(participatoryqueue)(3),,[9],,[10](4),,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,():,[11](p1216),,19891219994,,,131989VP11;71991,,1993141996,13,10;1998,,131999,13,,24,,,,:??,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,63,,[12](p164),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,::(1),,?(2),,,?,:(1),,,,,,,,,,,(2),,,,,,[13](p16),,,:(1),,,,,,(2),,,,,,,,,(3),,,[14](p147),():,,,,,,,,,,,,,731973,IBM20502%80015%:,19981,,,,:,:1995,138,,,,,,[]J::,,:2004,38,:[1].:[M].:,1994.[2]A.N.Agrawal,IndiaEconomy:problemsofdevelopmentandplanning,NewDelhi:VikasPub.HousePvt.Ltd.,1983.[3].[J].,2003(7).[4][]KPM..[M].:,1994.[5]Sirowy,Larry,andAlexInkeles,TheEffectsofDemocracyonE2conomicGrowthandInequlity:AReviw.StudiesinComparativeInternationalDevelopment,1990.[6][]..[M].:,1999.[7][]..[M].:,2003.[8][]J..:[M].:,2004.[9]AtulKholi,CrisisofGovernability,inSubhashC.Kashyap,ed.,CoalitiongovernmentandPoliticsinIndia,NewDelhi:UppalPub.House,1997.[10][]AH.:[A].[].[C].:,2004.[11].[M].:,1995.[12][]..[M].:,1999.[13][].[M].:,2003.[14].:[M].:,1996.PoliticalDemocracyandEconomicPerformanceASurveyoftheIndianDevelopmentModelWANGHua(SchoolofInternationalRelations&PublicAffairs,FudanUniversity,Shanghai200433,China)Abstract:In1991Indiastartedtocarryoutmarket-orientedreformsafteritsexplorationslastinghalfacentury.Itsremarkableeconomicachievementshavebeenregardedasanunusualphenomenonwhichconsistsofaseriesofdevel2opmentinstitutionsandstructures.TosomeextentIndiapsroadiscalledtheIndianmodelthatisdeemedtobebetterandmorepotentialthantheChinesemodel.Owingtoitspoliticaldemocracyestablishedbeforeitseconomicfreedom,Indiawasconfrontedwithasharpconflictbetweeneconomicgrowthandallocationofsocialwelfareintransition,whichweak2enedeffectivenessofIndiapsdemocracyinpractice.Whenitsabilitytogovernthestatedidnothaveaneffectiveeleva2tion,Indiapspoliticaldemocracycouldnotprovideaneffectivemotiveforceforeconomicgrowth.UnderstandingIndiapslessonsandexperiencesismeaningfulforustomodifyandperfecttheChinesemodel.Keywords:politicaldemocracy,economicperformance,India,developmentmodel83