【培训课件】英语口译教程

英语口译教程LectureOne:AnOverviewLecturers:YUHongliang,XuZhan,ZhangYan,TangLeiInterpretationCourseCourseObjectives:Introduceslearnerstoskillsandprocessesrequiredtoproduceconsecutiveinterpretations.Focusesondevelopingbasiccognitive,semantic,anddualtaskingabilitiesrequiredtointerpretrehearsedand/orspontaneoustexts.Trainlearnerstoincorporatesemanticchoice,register,andethicalbehavioraldecisionsandunderstandhowtheyimpacttheirinterpretations.Timeallotment:1semester(36periods);twoperiodsperweekUnit0TypesofinterpretingABriefhistoryofconferenceinterpretingasamodernprofessionWhatMakesAGoodInterpreter?ProfessionalCodeofConductTypesofInterpretingConferenceInterpreting:Simultaneous/ConsecutiveMostfrequentlyusedforlargeconferencesormeetings,simultaneousinterpretingrequiresthatthelinguist“translate”whatthespeakerissaying,astheyspeak.Thus,theinterpreterisbothlisteningandspeakingatthesametime.Thistakesintenseconcentration;simultaneousinterpretersoftenworkinteams,takingbreaksevery30minutesorso.Simultaneousinterpretinggenerallyrequiresequipmentsuchasmicrophones,headsets,andinsomeinstancesbooths.ConsecutiveInterpretingMostappropriateinasmallersetting,thespeakerwillspeakforafewminutes(afewparagraphs),thenpause.Theinterpretertakesnotesandthentranslatesthespeaker'smessageduringthepause.Thekeyelementinconsecutiveinterpretingisnotetaking:theinterpretermustrecordideasandthentranslatethembackintothewordsofanotherlanguagewithoutpause.EscortInterpretingAnotherformofconsecutiveinterpretingisoftencalledescortinterpreting.Ifyouarehostingadelegationofvisitorsfromanothercountry,youmaywanttousetheservicesofanescortinterpreterformeetingclientsattheairport,citytours,andshoppingexcursions.Escortinterpretersgenerallytranslateinformalconversations.ABriefhistoryofconferenceinterpretingasamodernprofessionTheoldestandyoungestprofession.Atthetimethecoursewasfounded,conferenceinterpretertrainingwasstillinitsinfancywiththefirstsimultaneousinterpretationhavingbeenusedafterWorldWarIIattheNuremburgTrials(English,French,RussianandGerman).IntheinterwaryearsconsecutiveinterpretationalonewasprovidedatInternationalgatherings,suchasatmeetingsoftheLeagueofNationsinGenevawhereEnglishandFrenchwereused.Thefirstinterpreterswerenottrainedbutenteredtheprofessiononthestrengthoftheirmasteryoflanguages,prodigiousmemory,andtheirimpressivelybroadculturalbackground.SomeofthelegendaryfiguresoftheworldofinterpretingincludeJeanHERBERT,AndréKAMINKERandPrinceConstantinANDRONIKOF,whowaspersonalinterpretertoGénéraldeGaulleandoneofthefoundersofAIIC,whichwasestablishedin1953.WiththesettingupofinternationalandEuropeanorganizations(UnitedNations-1945,CouncilofEurope-1949,EuropeanCommunity-1957)therewasagrowingneedforamuchlargernumberoftrainedprofessionals.Tomeetthiscontinuingchallenge,thecoursehasexpandedandnowencompassesthelanguagesoftheEuropeanUnionincludingaccessioncountriesandtheUNfamily.Twohistoricaleventsstimulatedthedevelopmentoftheprofession.TheParisPeaceConferenceof1919;TheNurembergTrialsofNaziwarcriminals.Thesymbolsoftheformalestablishmentofconferenceinterpretationasaprofession:Thefirstinterpretingschoolwassetupin1950inGeneva,Switzerland;AIIC,theInternationalAssociationofConferenceInterpreters,wasfoundedonNov.11,1953withitsSecretariatinGeneva.Interpreting,asaninternationallyrecognizedprofession,begantotakeshapeonlyaroundtheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Chronologically,ConsecutiveInterpreting(CI)antedatesSimultaneousInterpreting(SI).TheParisPeaceConferenceof1919wasconventionallycitedasconsecutiveinterpretingofficialdebut.BetweenthetwoWorldWars,consecutiveinterpretinghadpredominantstatus.ThefirstattempttointroduceSIwasmadeshortlybeforetheSecondWorldWar.SIwasfirstpatentedasatechniquebyIBMin1926,anditsfirstimplementation(inwhisperform)wasatGenevainatentativeformin1927and,onalargerscale,intheformerUSSRin1928fortheSixthCongressofComintern.However,itwasduringtheNurembergtrialsoftheNaziwarcriminals,whichwereconductedinEnglish,French,Russian,andGermanthatrealfull-scalesimultaneousinterpretationswasfirstused.From1947onward,simultaneousinterpretationhadcometostayattheUnitedNations.IntheyearsaftertheSecondWorldWar,withtheestablishmentoftheUnitedNations(UN),EuropeanUnion(EU),OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)andmanyotherinternationalorgans,therewasagrowingneedfornewinterpreterstojointheranksofthefirstgenerationofhighlyskilledbutuntrainedconferenceinterpreters.SeveraltraininginstitutionswerefoundedinEurope.Sincethenthetraininginstitutionsforconferenceinterpreterhavesprungallovertheworld.Theearliestestablishmentof“interpretingofficials“inChinagoesasfarbackastheZhouDynasty(1100--770BC).Accordingtowrittenrecords,therewasanofficialpostcalled“寄”,“象”,“译”and“象胥首”,“重译”and“舌人”respectivelyintheeastern,western,southernandnorthernpartofChina.Theseinterpretingofficialshad,atthattime,dualfunction:interpretingforinternalandexternalpurposes.Theinternalpurposereferredtotheinterpretingactivitiesbetweenthecentralimperialgovernmentandthevariousethnicnationalities,w