起重安全培训全英文版Cranes

OSHAOfficeofTraining&Education1CranesOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education2MajorCausesofCraneAccidents•Contactwithpowerlines•Overturns•Falls•MechanicalfailuresOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education3•Instability–unsecuredload,loadcapacityexceeded,orgroundnotlevelortoosoft•Lackofcommunication-thepointofoperationisadistancefromthecraneoperatorornotinfullviewoftheoperator•Lackoftraining•InadequatemaintenanceorinspectionHowDoAccidentsOccur?OSHAOfficeofTraining&Education4WhoisatRisk•Operators•PersonsatCraneSiteOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education5Definitions•Crane–Consistsofarotatingstructureforliftingandloweringhorizontallyonrubbertiresorcrawlertreads•Hoist-Usedtoliftandlowerload.•Boom–Aninclinedspar,strut,orotherlongmembersupportingthehoistingtackle•Boomstops–Adeviceusedtolimittheangleoftheboomatitshighestposition•Brake–Tosloworstopmotionbyfrictionorpower•Block–Sheavesorgroovedpulleysinaframewithhook,eyeandstrap•Jib–Extensionattachedtotheboompointtoprovideaddedboomlengthforliftingspecifiedloads.OSHAOfficeofTraining&Education6CranePartsOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education7TypesofCranes•Mobile•Hydraulic•Overhead•Gantry•TowerOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education8•Improperloadrating•Excessivespeeds•Nohandsignals•Inadequateinspectionandmaintenance•Unguardedparts•UnguardedswingradiusCraneHazards•Workingtooclosetopowerlines•Improperexhaustsystem•Shatteredwindows•Nosteps/guardrailswalkways•Noboomangleindicator•NotusingoutriggersOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education9PlanningBeforeStart-Up•Levelthecraneandensuresupportsurfaceisfirmandabletosupporttheload•Contactpowerlineownersanddetermineprecautions.Knowthelocationandvoltageofoverheadpowerlines.•Knowthebasiccranecapacities,limitations,andjobsiterestrictions,suchasthelocationofpowerlines,unstablesoil,orhighwinds.•Makeotherpersonnelawareofhoistingactivities.•Barricadeareaswithinswingradius.•Ensurepropermaintenanceandinspections.•Determinesafeareastostorematerialsandplacemachinery.OSHAOfficeofTraining&Education10CompetentPersonThecompetentpersonmustinspectallmachineryandequipmentpriortoeachuse,andduringuse,tomakesureitisinsafeoperatingcondition.Ifitneedsfixing,takeitoutofserviceanddon’tuseituntilitisfixedBrokenTrackOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education11LoadCapacity-Speed-Warnings•Makesurethecraneoperatorcanseethe:RatedLoadCapacitiesOperatingSpeedsSpecialHazardWarningorInstructionLoadRatingChartOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education12KnowtheWeightoftheLoad•Refertoshippingticketorotherdocumentation•Ensureliftcalculationsarecorrect•Ensureloadiswithinloadchartratingforboomlengthandloadradiusofcrane•Craneisratedbythemaximumweightitwillliftataminimumradiusandminimumboomlength–thefurtherfromitscenterpoint,thelessitwillliftOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education13LoadLimitingFactors•Notlevel•Wind•Sideloads•Onitswheels•Liftingovertheside•Useofextensions,jibsandotherattachments•Limitsofwirerope,slingsandliftingdevicesOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education14MobileCranes–LiftingPrinciples•CenterofGravity•Leverage•Stability•StructuralIntegrityOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education15LoadExample–30toncrane•Willlift60,000poundsat10feetfromthecenterpinofthecrane•Basedonlevelsurface,nowind,andoutriggersfullyextended•At25feetfromthecenterpinwithan80footboom,thecapacityisonly14,950pounds•At74feetfromthecenterpin,thecapacityisonly4,800poundsOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education16ImproperLoadImproperloadsorspeedscanresultinthetippingofthecraneOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education17ImproperLoadOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education18ImproperLoadOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education19Stayclearfrompowerlinesatleast10feetPowerLinesOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education20AnillustrationofthesignalsmustbepostedatthejobsiteHandSignalsOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education21GuardMovingPartsUnguardedChainDriveGuardmovingpartssuchasgearsorbeltsOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education22SwingRadiusStayoutoftheswingradiusofthecrane–MakesuretherearebarrierguardsshowingswingradiusOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education23OperatorVisibilityBrokenWindowMakesurebrokenwindowsorotherobstructionsdonotpreventtheoperatorfromseeingOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education24LaddersLadderUseladderstogettotheupperportionofthecabOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education25GuardrailsRunwaysandstepsneedtohaveguardrails,handholdsandslipresistantsurfacesOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education26SuspendedLoadsDon’tstandundersuspendedloadsOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education27BoomAngleIndicatorAboomangleindicatormustbeonthecraneOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education28SupportingSurfaceCranesmustbeonafirmsupportingsurfaceandlevelwithin1percentOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education29ThegroovesmustbesmoothandfreefromsurfacedefectswhichcouldcauseropedamageSheavesOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education30RiggingEquipmentSlingsTypesofslingsincludealloysteelchain,wirerope,metalmesh,naturalorsyntheticfiberrope,andsyntheticweb.ChainWireropeMetalmeshSyntheticOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education31AnnualInspectionsInspectionofthehoistingmachinerymustbemadebyacompetentpersonTheemployermustmaintainarecordoftheseinspectionsCranewasn’tinspectedandtippedoverOSHAOfficeofTraining&Education32WhattoInspect•Correctairpressureandnoleaks•Tiresproperlyinflated•Cle