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1/132010年11月11日07:48AMG20峰会:各国淡化解决全球经济失衡预期Deepfracturesendhopesofbreakthrough英国《金融时报》艾伦•贝蒂首尔报道Governmentshaveplayeddownexpectationsofabig各国政府淡化了外界对于本周20国集团(G20)首尔峰会将在解决全球经济2/13breakthroughinresolvingglobaleconomicimbalancesfromtheG20leaders’meetingthisweekinSeoulaftercleardivisionsemergedovercurrenciesandcurrentaccountdeficits.失衡方面取得重大突破的期望。此前,各方在汇率和经常账户赤字问题上暴露出明显分歧。OnWednesdayBarackObama,USpresident,reiteratedtheneedforcountrieswithcurrentaccountsurpluses–acategoryincludingChinaandGermany–toincreasedomesticdemandratherthanrelyingonexports.美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(BarackObama)周三重申,经常账户盈余的国家(此类国家包括中国和德国)需要增加国内需求,而非一味依赖出口。3/13AplanagreedatanOctobermeetingofG20financeministers“commitsusalltopursuepoliciestoreducetheriskthatunsustainableexternalimbalanceswillre-emerge”,hesaid.奥巴马称,G20财长10月份开会时达成的一项计划“使我们每个国家都承诺推行相关政策,以减小不可持续的对外收支失衡再度出现的风险。”Butexpertssaidthemeetingwouldendwithoutaclearmapabouthowtogetthere.EswarPrasad,formerlyaseniorInternationalMonetaryFundofficial,said:“Thesummitwillhighlightareasofgeneral但专家们表示,此次G20峰会结束时将拿不出一份如何实现上述目标的清晰路线图。国际货币基金组织(IMF)前高级官员埃斯瓦•普拉萨德(EswarPrasad)表示:“峰会将强调各方达成一般共识的领域——即便那些共识缺乏具体细节——4/13agreement,evenifthoselackspecifics,andpaperoverareaswheretherearedeepfracturesamongtheG20.”同时掩饰G20国家之间存在深刻分歧的领域。”AproposalfloatedlastmonthbytheUStosetnumericaltargetsor“indicativeguidelines”forcurrentaccountimbalancesisbeingrestedforthisparticularmatchtoavoidinjury.InavoidingopenconfrontationwithChina,Washingtonisplayingthelonggame,reckoningthatpressuremaybe美国在上月曾提议设定经常账户失衡的数值目标,或称“指示性指引”。该提议将在本次峰会上被搁置,以免造成不和。为避免与中国公开对抗,美方正从长计议,认为施压可能对中方内部正在展开的辩论起到反作用。5/13counterproductivetotheinternaldebateunderwayinBeijing.ThePeople’sBankofChina,thecentralbank,iskeeneronlettingtherenminbiappreciateandmoreopentotheideaofsettingcurrentaccounttargets,butforthemomentothervoiceswithintheChinesegovernmenthavedominated.Howlongthatwillcontinueisanybody’sguess,mostlikelyincludingthatoftheWhiteHouse.中国央行比较愿意让人民币升值,也更愿意接受设定经常账户目标的想法,但就目前而言,中国政府内部的其他意见占了上风。这种局面将持续多久,外界(很可能包括白宫在内)不得而知。6/13InthemeantimetheUShashadtocopewithacounterattackfromBeijingandBerlin,whichlastweekinveighedagainsttheUSFederalReserveforfurthermonetaryeasing,whichtheysaidwasworseningimbalancesanddestabilisingtheworldeconomy.WolfgangSchaüble,Germany’sfinanceminister,provocativelydescribedUSpolicyas“useless”,arousingsurpriseandconcernfromsomeotherG20officials–especially与此同时,美国必须应对中国和德国的反攻。中德上周猛烈抨击美联储(Fed)进一步放松货币政策,它们表示,此举将加剧失衡,破坏世界经济稳定。德国财长沃尔夫冈•朔伊布勒(WolfgangSchäuble)不客气地将美方政策形容为“毫无用处”。此言引起G20其它一些国家官员的意外和担忧,尤其是因为各国财长通常回避就本国或他国央行的行动置评。7/13sincefinanceministersgenerallyrefrainfromcommentingontheactionsoftheirownorothers’centralbanks.MervynKing,governoroftheBankofEngland,onWednesdaymadewhatappearedacodedcriticismofChinaandGermany,tellingaLondonpressconference:“IhopethatattheG20meetingthisweekendthatwewillgetaco-operativemessageratherthansomeofthosethatwehavebeen英国央行(BoE)行长默文•金(MervynKing)周三发表了似乎是在含蓄批评中国和德国的言论,他在伦敦一个记者会上表示:“我希望我们将从本周末的G20会议上听到一种合作的信息,而非我们在过去几天和几周听到的某些言论。”8/13gettinginthelastfewdaysandweeks.”OusmèneMandeng,aformerIMFofficialnowatAshmoreInvestmentManagementinLondon,expressedthefrustrationofmanywiththeunderperformanceofthegrouping.“Theaimseemstobetodampexpectations,”hesaid.“Butshoulditbe?AtthisjunctureonewouldthinkthattheG20needstodemonstrateleadership.”IMF前官员、现供职于伦敦安石投资管理公司(AshmoreInvestmentManagement)的OusmèneMandeng,表达了许多人对于G20表现不尽人意的失望情绪。“目标似乎是压低期望,”他表示。“但应该这样做吗?在当前这个节骨眼上,人们会认为G20需要展示领导力。”EarlierthisweekRobertZoellick,World本周早些时候,世界银行(WorldBank)行长罗9/13Bankpresident,startledmanywithhissuggestionthatcurrencyvaluesbedeterminedwithreferencetogold.Monetaryaffairsaregenerallytheprovisionofthebank’ssisterinstitution,theIMF.伯特•佐利克(RobertZoellick)提出,各国汇率应参照金价确定,此言令许多人震惊。货币事务通常是世行的姊妹机构——IMF负责的领域。“Zoellick’s[plan],awrongproposalfromthewronginstitutionIthink,illustratesthatthereisquitealotofappetiteforideasbutalsothatthereisavacuumonidealeadership,”saidMr“我认为佐利克的计划是来自错误机构的一项错误提议,它显示出各个方面都非常愿意提出创意,但也说明在领导创意方面存在真空,”Mandeng表示。10/13Mandeng.Inotherareas,actionsareeitherbeingpostponedorimplementedpartiallyandatacountrylevel.TheG20islikelytodeferdecisionsonwhetherlargefinancialinstitutionsshouldbemadetoholdmorecapital,giventheirthreattothefinancialsystem,andpeoplefamiliarwiththeprocesssaymanydecisionsarebeinglefttonationalregulators.在其它领域,行动或被推迟、或被在国家层面部分实施。G20很可能将推迟决定是否要求大型金融机构持有更多资本(鉴于它们对金融体系的威胁),同时熟悉相关进程的人士表示,许多决定将被留给各国监管机构自己作出。Intrade,although在贸易方面,虽然11/13theG20communiquéislikelytorestoretheritualcallforaconclusiontotheDoharound”ofmultilateraltradetalks,IndianandBraziliannegotiatorshavesaidtheywillnotgivegroundtotheUStogettoadeal.G20公报很可能照例再次呼吁完成多哈回合多边贸易谈判,但印度和巴西谈判代表已表示,他们不会为了达成共识而对美国作出让步。RecentlytheEuropeanUniondidimproveconsiderablythepreferentialaccessitofferstoexportsfrompoorcountriesbyrelaxingthe“rulesoforigin”thatdeterminehowmanyimportsthose近期欧盟确实大幅改善了其给予穷国出口的优惠准入待遇,放宽了有关那些经济体能够使用多少进口部件的“原产地规则”,但其它国家迄今拒绝作出更多让步。12/13economiescanuse,butothercountrieshavedeclinedtooffermoreconcessions.Thesummitwillhavesomegoodnews:reformoftheIMF’sgovernance,whichwillgivemorevotesandm
本文标题:G20峰会:各国淡化解决全球经济失衡预期
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