专题26 阅读理解（说明文）-三年（2019-2021）中考真题英语分项汇编（全国通用）

专题26阅读理解—说明文【2021年】2021年中考真题英语分项汇编A（2021·青海中考真题）It’sbeenoverayearsinceCOVID-19firstappearedandtheviruscontinuestobeaprobleminmanypartsoftheworld,scientistshaverealizedthedevelopmentofvaccines(疫苗)isasolutiontothepandemic.Aglobalefforttovaccinateasmanypeopleaspossiblewouldbeneeded,sincevaccinestypicallytakeyearstodevelop.OnDec2,2020,thefirstCOVIDvaccine,thePfizervaccine,wasapproved(批准)byUKhealthdepartment.However,thesevaccinesmustbestoredatverylowtemperatures,whichisnotpossibleeverywhere.Inresponse,ChinesecompanieslikeSinopharmandSinovachavedevelopedvaccinesthatcanbekeptatnormaltemperatures.Now,vaccinesarebeingrolledoutallovertheworld,withmillionsofpeoplebeingvaccinatedeveryday.InChina,285millionvaccinedoses(剂量)hadbeengivensofar.Meanwhile,theUShasgivenout247milliondoses.TheUKnowstandsat50milliondoses.Althoughtherehavebeenrumorsaboutvaccinesbeingunsafe,mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity(群体免疫)inordertostopthevirusfromspreading.Theworldhascometounderstandthatthevaccineswillprotectus.Therefore,sharingvaccineshasbecomeakeyfactorofstayingsafeandhealthyworldwide.Unfortunately,noteveryonecangetthevaccineyet.Childrenbelowtheageof16can’tbevaccinatedbecausetheyhavenotyetbeentestedonthem.Thosewhohaveahistoryofvaccineallergies(过敏)shouldn’tgetit,either.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。1．Thevaccinedevelopedby______cannotbestoredatnormaltemperatures.A．UKhealthdepartmentB．SinopharmC．SinovacD．Pfizer2．Accordingtothepassage,______millionvaccinedoseshadbeengivensofarinChina.A．50B．247C．285D．5823．Inparagraph4,theunderlinedword‘‘rumors”probablymeans______.A．谎言B．谣言C．建议D．骗局4．Thepurposeforvaccinatingasmanypeopleaspossibleisto______.A．buildmassimmunityB．sharethevaccinesC．developvaccinesquicklyD．geteveryonevaccinated5．Inparagraph5,theword“they”,intheunderlinedsentencerefersto______.A．childrenB．companiesC．vaccinesD．experts【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A5．C【分析】本文主要介绍为了解决新冠肺炎病毒的传播，人们陆续意识到接种疫苗的重要性，本文主要以数据来说明接种疫苗的普遍性，以及不能接种疫苗的人群有哪些。1．细节理解题。根据“OnDec2,2020,thefirstCOVIDvaccine,thePfizervaccine,wasapproved(批准)byUKhealthdepartment”可知，由辉瑞疫苗研制的疫苗不能在正常温度中储存，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“InChina,285millionvaccinedoses(剂量)hadbeengivensofar”可知，到目前为止，中国共接种了2.85亿剂疫苗，故选C。3．词义猜测题。根据“Althoughtherehavebeenrumorsaboutvaccinesbeingunsafe,mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity(群体免疫)inordertostopthevirusfromspreading”可知，尽管还有很多关于疫苗不安全的谣言，但是大部分人们已经意识到接种疫苗的重要性，所以rumors表示“谣言”，故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“mostofpeopleseemtorealizetheimportanceofvaccinationforbuildingmassimmunity(群体免疫)inordertostopthevirusfromspreading”可知，让尽可能多的人接种疫苗的目的是建立群体免疫，故选A。5．词义猜测题。根据“Childrenbelowtheageof16can’tbevaccinatedbecausetheyhavenotyetbeentestedonthem”可知，此处指这些疫苗还没有在16岁以下孩子身上测试过，所以they指代“疫苗”，故选C。B（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）Azero-wastelifeisalifestylethathardlycreatesanyrubbish.“Zerowaste”wasfirstsuggestedbyaFrenchwomancalledBeaJohnson.Herideais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish;usedifferentkindsofwaystosavetheenvironment,suchasstoppingtheuseofone-offobjects;givingunwantedthingstoothersordonatingthesethingstoorganizationsliketheRedCross.Azero-wastelifefollowsthe6Rrule—Refuse,Reduce,Reuse,Repair,RecycleandRot.ChenYuan,27,isdeeplyinterestedinthisidea.SheandherboyfriendJoehavelivedinBeijingformanyyears.OverAugust-OctoberwhenChenfollowedtheruleofzerowaste6R,sheandherboyfriendbothproducedonlytwocansofrubbish.NowthecouplehaveopenedasmallshopinBeijing,wheretheyusewoodproductstotaketheplaceofplasticonesandclothbagsprintedwithenvironmentallogos.Thestorealsohassecond-handbooksandCDstomakethebestoftheusedthings.“Thezero-wastelifestyleisnotforascetics(苦行僧).Itisjustaroundus.”Chenexpectssomeofherfriendstojoinherontheroadtozerowaste.6．BeaJohnsonsuggeststhatpeopleshould______.A．trytocreatenorubbishB．throwawayunwantedthingsC．usetheone-offobjectsallthetime7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“donating”inparagraph2mean?______A．Givingback.B．Givingout.C．Givingaway.8．WecanseefromthepassagethatChenYuan______.A．isinterestedinthe6RruleB．offersplasticbagsinherstoreC．likeslisteningtoCDsverymuch9．WhatChenYuansaysinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat______.A．herfriendslikeherlifestyleB．thezero-wastelifestyleisnothardtoliveC．lotsofpeoplehavelivedthezero-wastelifestyle10．Thepassageismostprobablyfrom______.A．anadB．anewspaperC．astorybook【答案】6．A7．C8．A9．B10．B【分析】文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”。6．细节理解题。根据“Herideais:livealifeandtrynottocreateanyrubbish”可知，BeaJohnson是倡导人们尽量不要制造垃圾，故选A。7．词义猜测题。根据“givingunwantedthingstoothersordonatingthesethingstoorganizationsliketheRedCross.”可知，把一些不要的东西给别人或者捐给红十字会，所以单词“donating”指的是“捐赠”，与C选项意思相近，故选C。8．细节理解题。根据“ChenYuan,27,isdeeplyinterestedinthisidea.”可知，陈元对6R规则感兴趣，故选A。9．句意猜测题。根据“Thezero-wastelifestyleisnotforascetics(苦行僧).Itisjustaroundus.”Chenexpectssomeofherfriendstojoinherontheroadtozerowaste.”可知，陈元说这话的意思是零浪费的生活方式并不难，就在我们身边，故选B。10．推理判断题。根据“Azero-wastelifeisalifestylethathardlycreatesanyrubbish.”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要介绍了什么是“零浪费”，并呼吁人们加入“零浪费”，结合选项可知，应该是从报纸上来的，故选B。C（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）WhenautumnarrivesintheUnitedStatesandCanada,youcanseeoneofnature’sgreatestscenes—theyearlymigration(迁徙)ofthemonarchbutterflies