气味商标的经济透视(陈惠)

中文摘要中文摘要商标的灵魂在于“显著性”，又称之为“识别性”。现行《商标法》第8条将可注册的商标要素限定在可视性标志之内，同样作为识别标志的气味却被排除在外。2004年以39届国际知识产权保护协会（简称AIPPI）为代表的国际论坛对气味等非常规商标注册这一议题却展开了激烈的争辩。本文运用法律经济学的方法对气味商标的取得、交易及维权制度进行阐述，从成本收益的角度,探究当前我国商标法不涉及对气味商标调整的原因。并通过层层剖析，揭示气味商标在经济学意义上的独有特性。随着“阅读”技术的进步，确立气味商标法律制度其产生的社会效益呈“乘积”的方式递增。但面对期待法律确权的气味商标，我们在制度变革方面既不能不计成本，也不必过于保守，应以循序渐进的方式加以推进。本文以“气味商标法律制度的经济透视”为题，选用经济学与法学的结合为切入点，对气味商标的法律制度进行探讨。全文包括序言和正文。在序言中，由制度经济学、39届国际知识产权保护协会（简称AIPPI）对非常规商标注册问题的关注，引发对气味商标法律制度创设的经济分析。正文共分为四章：第一章概述了气味商标法律制度。该章分析了气味商标的自然属性、现行商标法律制度对气味商标的立场。阐述了气味商标法律保护制度的基础，勾画出当前气味商标法律保护的基本框架。第二章运用经济学的方法对气味商标取得和交易的社会成本、社会效益进行专项评估，得出气味商标法律制度在取得和交易方面的相关结论。第三章采用了成本、效益的方法对侵犯气味商标权的行为及侵权责任进行分析，重新审视了现行的商标法律保护制度。第四章对我国的商标法律制度的模式选择和应对措施提出若干设想。该章通过考察现有商标法律在调整气味商标方面的缺位及内部冲突，结合前文分析的结论，提出我国商标法律制度为应对气味商标所应选择的模式及采取的措施。关键词：气味商标；法律制度；经济分析ABSTRACTABSTRACTThesoulofthetrademarkis“notability”,alsoknownas“distinction”.InOurcountry’scurrenttrademarklaw,smelltrademarkhasnotyetbeenincludedamongregistrationtrademark.Butin2004,the39thAIPPIinternationalconferencehascarriedonthewarmdiscussiononregistrationofnon-conventionaltrademarks,suchassmelltrademark.Inthispaper,theauthorutilizesthemethodofLawandEconomicstoanalyzetheobtain,exchangeandelaboratesystemtosafeguardtheirrightsofthesmelltrademark,andanalysesthereasonwhythecurrenttrademarklawdoesnotinvolvetothesmelltrademarkadjustmentfromtheperspectiveofcosts.Throughlayeruponlayeranalyzes,thewriterbelievesthesmelltrademarkisnotabhorrentandharmnogood.Thecharacteristicofthesmelltrademarkisinsolepossession,bornthatwayultrastrongpowerofdiscrimination,whilereadingthetechnicalprogress,whichestablishesthelegalstatusofsmelltrademarkis,afterall,knowsall.Butsmelltrademark,astheobjecttobeapprovedtheownership,itshouldbedealtwithstepbystepandberegulatedtodivideintotransitionperiodandmatureone.Thetopicofthepaperis“Economicprospectonlegalsystemofsmelltrademark”,byapplyingthelinkoncombinationoftheeconomicsandlaw.Probeintothelegalsystemofsmelltrademark.Itincludesprefaceandtext.Inpreface,concerningonsystemeconomicsandthe39thAIPPIinternationalconference’swarmdiscussiononregistrationofnon-conventionaltrademarks,attractingeconomicanalyzeonsmelltrademarklegalsystem.Thetextfallsintofourparts:Chapter1,summaryoftheprotectionsystemonsmelltrademark;Chapter2,economicanalysesonsmelltrademarkobtainingandexchangesystem;Chapter3,costs-benefitsAnalysisoflegalprotectionsystemonsmelltrademark;Chapter4,modetochooseandmeasuretocopewithoftrademarklegalsysteminourcountry.KeyWords:smelltrademark;lawsystem;economicanalysis目录目录序言··························································································1第一章气味商标法律制度概述···················································3第一节气味商标属性分析································································3一、气味商标的概念和特征··························································3二、保护气味商标的合理性要求····················································4第二节现行商标法律制度对气味商标的立场········································5一、从国际公约层面分析·····························································5二、各国的商标立法与实务对气味商标的态度··································5第三节气味商标保护制度的基础·······················································7一、自然要件·············································································7二、经济要件·············································································8三、政治要件·············································································8第二章气味商标专用权取得与交易制度经济分析······················10第一节气味商标确权的社会成本······················································10一、气味商标独占商标要素的社会成本··········································10二、气味商标的搜寻成本····························································11三、确立气味商标专用权的法律成本·············································13第二节气味商标确权的社会效益······················································13第三节气味商标专用权取得制度的成本效益综合评估···························15第四节气味商标交易制度经济分析···················································18一、气味商标转让制度的诠释······················································18二、气味商标许可制度的审视······················································20第三章侵犯气味商标专用权行为及其侵权责任经济分析···········23第一节侵犯气味商标专用权行为分析················································23一、假设条件············································································23气味商标法律制度的经济透视二、一般假冒气味商标行为的基本模式推导····································23三、特殊商标侵权模式推导·························································25第二节侵犯气味商标专用权侵权责任经济分析····································27一、侵权责任的归则原则····························································27二、侵权责任的威慑··································································28第四章我国商标法律制度的模式选择和应对措施······················31第一节气味商标对现行商标制度的冲击·············································31一、现有法律的缺位··································································31二、商标法内部的冲突·······························································32第二节构建我国商标法律制度新模式之设想·······································32一、过渡时期············································································33二、成熟阶段···································