石油与世界经济

PETROLEUM2019/9/26Teammembers2019/9/26Originallytheprimaryuseofpetroleumwasasalightingfuel.Theappearanceoftheautomobilemakesoilbeaproductinhighdemand.•WorldWarIwastherealcatalystforpetroleumproduction.2019/9/26Althoughourautombilesandotherformsoftransportdoconsumethehighestquan--tityofpetroleumitisusedforavastarrayofapplications.Bitumenisusedforpavingroad,formingtheblacktop,itisalsoanexcellentwaterrepellentandisusedinroofing.2019/9/26·95%ofthecountry'stotalexport·75%ofnationalincome·45%ofGDPChina'soilreservesof6billiontons,istheninthlargestintheworld.2019/9/26Chinahasrichoilreserves，butduetothedevelopmentoftheeconomyandtheincreaseofprivatecars,thedemandforoilisincreasing.Soitiswithexternaldependency.2019/9/26WorldpetroleumproductconsumptionTheworld’sconsumptionofpetroleumproductsreachedarecordhighof88.9millionb/din2012,asdecliningconsumptioninNorthAmericaandEuropewasmorethanoutpacedbygrowthinAsiaandotherregions.TotalPetroleumConsumption(ThousandBarrelsPerDay)Country20082009201020112012UnitedStates19497.96718771.39719180.12818882.0718490.215China7467.51978539.72549330.17599852.08010276.825Japan4798.15414389.86794455.46194470.7344726.3391Russia2906.03992950.42682992.09123115.0283195.4742India2863.99803112.73603255.39113410.5443621.7505World84696.92084917.65087527.34688743.9189406.611Asianconsumption•by4.4millionb/d•theworld’slargestpetroleum-consumingregion•ChinaandIndiaEuropeanconsumption•declinedconsecutivelysince2006•weakeconomicperformanceandgovernmentpolicies•780,000b/din2009and570,000b/din2012US•higheroilprices•increasedfuelefficiencyoflight-dutyvehicles•Motorgasolineconsumptionfellby290,000in2012Alternativestopetroleum•Alternativestopetroleum-basedvehiclefuels•Alternativestousingoilinindustry•AlternativestoburningpetroleumforelectricityOilProductsOilproductsareanyoil-basedproductswhichcanbeobtainedbydistillationandarenormallyusedoutsidetherefiningindustry.Theexceptionstothisarethosefinishedproductswhichareclassifiedasrefineryfeedstocks.SolventoilMotorgasolineAviationkeroseneKeroseneDieseloilLubricantsParaffinwaxesBitumenTheflowofoilchangingpatternofworldpoliticalandeconomic,aslongasnoneofthenewfueltoreplacepetroleum,petroleuminternationalcompetitionwillnotstop.Petroleumandwar•Oilresourcesaffectacountry‘seconomicdevelopmentandnationalsecurity，Lookfromthepast100years,numerousarmedconflictsandwarsarecausedbyoilpetroleum•MiddleEastWar•GulfWar•IraqwarOilWar•Time：1948~1982•Alarge-scaleArab-IsraeliwarintheMiddleEastregions•Cause：Location•Conflictforoil•Lackofwater•ReligiousconflictsMiddleEastWar•Fivesea：ArabianSea,RedSea,MediterraneanSea,BlackSea,CaspianSea•Threecontinents：Asia,Europe,AfricaLocationLocation•MiddleEastistheworld'slargestoilreservesandoilproducingregionsConflictforoilConflictforoilConflictforoilMiddleEastWar•Time：August2，1990--February28，1991•AregionalwarbetweentheUS-ledmultinationalforcecomposedof34countriesandIraqGulfWar•••Practicalreasons•RulersfactorsGulfWarCauseAftertheoccupationofKuwaitIraqwillhas1/5oftheworld'soilreserves,byraisingpricestorepaythedebtowedundertheIran-IraqwarthedictatorshipofSaddamHussein,hopingoccupationandannexationofKuwait.•Time：March20，2003--December18，2011•Cause:AmericansuspicionthatIraqpossessedweaponsofmassdestructionIraqwar•Results:TheU.S.achievedadecisivevictory.SaddamHussein’sregimeinIraqwasoverthrown.Saddamwasexecuted.IraqwarFromthiswecanseethattheoilhasaveryimportantrole,andoiliscloselyrelatedtotheworldeconomy