CarbonTaxofBoulder__美国波尔多市碳税

Boulder’sCarbonTax:History&ImplementationJonathanKoehnEnvironmentalAffairsManager,CityofBoulder,ColoradoGRA2007ResearchConferenceAugust7,2007Cancitiesreallymakeadifference?ClimateChange?Whatwe’lltalkabout:OrientyoutoBoulderDevelopmentofBoulder’sClimateActionPlanTheCarbonTax2007ImplementationPlansWhatwillthefuturehold?Boulder’sPoliticalContextsmartpolicydecisionsoverthedecadeshavecreatedasolidfoundationfromwhichtobuildfinancialresources,communitysupport,andpoliticalwilltobeaninnovatorandleader“powerful”municipalimageinColoradoClimateChangeintheNewsthinkouthere………………….SustainabilityisaboutproblemsolvingBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:HowwegothereBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:HowwegothereMay2002:BoulderCityCounciladoptsKyotoProtocolgoalsforthecity:“Reducecommunity-widegreenhousegasemissionsto7%below1990levelsby2012.”2003:volunteergroupdevelopsframeworkforClimateActionPlan;cityspends$100,000developingadetailedGHGinventoryBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:HowwegothereNovember2004:CityCouncilappropriates$258,000annuallyin2005and2006forGHGreductionprogramsanddevelopmentofaClimateActionPlan(CAP),includinglong-termfundingoptions2005:Council,staff,andkeystakeholdersdevelopoverarchingstrategiesfortheCAPandexplorefundingoptions;staffbeginsrampinguplimitedprogramsBoulder’sClimateActionPlan:Howwegothere2006:ClimateActionPlanCommitteeshepherdsCAPtowardcompletion;adoptedbycitycouncilinJuneCouncildeterminescarbontaxisbestrevenuesourceforimplementation,placestaxonNovemberballotMeasurepasses,60.5%infavor,39.5%opposedBoulder’sCarbonTax:SpecificsTaxonelectricityconsumption15%Boulder’sCarbonTax:SpecificsMaximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingReducingbarrierstoenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcreditsBoulder’sCarbonTax:SpecificsAppliestoallelectricitycustomersinthecityNotaxchargedforgreenpowercustomersRatessetindirectproportiontoexpectedprogramsectorexpendituresRatescanbere-setdependingonprogramneedsRatescanbeincreasedby20%Sunsetsin2012Willraiseapproximately$1millionperyearBoulder’sCarbonTax:SpecificsSectorRates:centsperkillowatt-hourResidential0.22Commercial0.04Industrial0.02ClimateActionPlanStrategies1.Increaseenergyefficiency2.Switchtorenewableenergyandvehiclefuels3.ReducevehiclemilestraveledMaximizevoluntaryemissionsreductionsthrough:Education,outreachandmarketingConnectingresidentsandbusinesseswithavailablerebatesandtaxcreditsProvidingservicesnotofferedintheBouldermarket2005EmissionsbySectorGHGInventoryBreakdownbySectorResidential17%Commercial38%UniversityofColorado5%Transportation27%SolidWaste4%Industrial9%ResidentialSectorCharacteristics17%oftotalGHGemissionsApproximately51,030residentialunits,45%single-familyand55%multi-familydwellingsRoughlyhalfofhousingunitsarerentalpropertiesEnergyEfficiencyCurrentProgramsIncome–QualifiedWeatherization2007Budget:$40,000,for20homesIncreasedincomeguidelinesto78.5%ofAMI(HUD+10%)andopenedtorentersMeasuresinclude:InsulationFurnacereplacementRefrigeratorreplacementProgrammablethermostatDuctsealingCFLsConsideringevaporativecoolingEnergyEfficiencyCurrentProgramsResidentialEnergyAuditProgram2007Budget:$33,450218homesinthecityofBoulderHomeownerpays$100oftheauditcostEnergyEfficiencyCurrentProgramsBoulderEnergyBrigade2007budget$30,0002006pilottargeted550homeswithkits,andconducted631-hourauditsProgramhighlights:Deliverkitswithlow-cost,no-costefficiencymeasuresandeducationalliteratureEnergyEfficiencyCurrentProgramsMulti-FamilyUnitAudits4MFUsauditedin20062007budget-$25,000Waterconservationmatchingbudget2007Goal–15buildingsaswellasworkingwithpropertyownerstoimplementrecommendationsEnergyEfficiencyCurrentProgramsHomePerformancew/ENERGYSTAR(HPwES)2007budget:$20,000IntensivecontractortrainingaimedtotransformmarketCFLgiveaway/buydown2007budget:$9,000focusonbuy-downandcouponprograminconjunctionwithXcel’sbuydownConservED:100thHumanInitiative2007pilotbudget:$3,000EnergyImpactAnalysesfor30homesEnergyEfficiencyResidentialProgramstobedevelopedin2007HomeEnergyMakeoverRefrigeratorRound-upInsulationBuy-downPublicHousingRetrofitsUpdatedLightingProgramIntegrateGreenBuildingPrograms–TrainingandEducationCommercialSectorCharacteristicsContext:1,600+CommercialBuildings30millionsqftofspace38%ofBoulder’semissionsGoalsthrough2012:20%reductioninelectricityuse5%reductioninnaturalgasconsumptionReach1/3ofcommercialbuildingstockCommercialSector2007WorkPlanEnergyEfficiencyBudget:$128,000Goal:500,000kWhreductionsimplementedStrategies:EstablishTradeAllynetworkFocusedandrobusttrainingforpropertyowners,managers,andcontractorsonbuildingenergyefficiencyandXcelEnergyrebatesCommercialSectorXcelEnergyCommercialrebatesandotherprogramsCoolingefficiencyCompressedAirefficiencyCustomEfficiencyEnergyDesignAssistanceEnergyManagementSystemLightingEfficiencyMotorEfficiencyRecommissioningRenewableEnergyProgramsBoulderWindChallengeSolarpromotionIdeas:Neighborhoodrenewableenergycompetit