The Implications of RoHS compliances

SupplierComplianceSummit2005AlternativeMaterialsforRoHSSpeaker:ProfessorY.C.ChanPhD,FIEEE,FHKIE,FIEE,CEngChairProfessorofElectronicEngineering,CityUniversityofHongKongDirector,EPACentre1Date:20January2005SupplierComplianceSummit2005AcknowledgementMr.PaulYaoofIntertekLabtestMicrosoftHome&EntertainmentDivisionSupplierComplianceSummit2005WhatisthemeaningofRoHS?EUDirective2002/95/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandofthecouncilontheRestrictionoftheuseofcertainHazardousSubstances(RoHS)inelectricalandelectronicequipment3SupplierComplianceSummit2005WhyImportant?$DutchGovernmentblockedtheshipmentof1.3MSonyPlaystationsystem,800Kaccessories-combinedvalueofoverUS$200Min2001.Cadmiumincablesexceeds0.01%limitby3–20x.HealthFearsMediareportedthatover100workersintwoChinesebatteryfactories(Huizhou,SouthernChina)weresuspectedtobecontaminatedbycadmiuminJuly2004.Medicalreportstates“excessivelevelsofcadmiuminblood”.4SupplierComplianceSummit2005SummaryonrelateddirectivesDirectiveRef.DateObjectiveRemarks2002/95/EC27Jan03Restrictionoftheuseofcertainhazardoussubstancesinelectricalandelectronicequipment(EEE)andtocontributetotheprotectionofhumanhealthandtheenvironmentallysoundrecoveryanddisposalofwasteEEE.6bannedmaterialsincludedPb,Hg,Cr6+,CdandPBB/PBDE.Relatedconsultationpaperwasissuedtointerestedpartiesforreviewon30/7/04.•Max.conc.value-0.1%byweightinhomogeneousmaterialforPb,Hg,Cr6+,PBB/PBDE•Max.conc.value-0.01%weightinhomogenousmaterialforCd.2000/53/EC18Sept00Measuresatthepreventionofwastefromvehiclesandatthere-use,recyclingandotherformsofrecoveryofend-oflifevehicles(ELV)andtheircomponents.RelatedconsultationpapersissuedonMarch2003andFebruary2004,confirmthemaximumconcentrationvaluelimitto:-•0.1%byweightperhomogeneousmaterialforPb,Cr6+andHg.•0.01%forCd,whicharenotintentionally94/62/EC2004/12/EC(amendment)20Dec942Nov04Amendingdirective94/62/EC,onPackagingandPackagingWasteistopreventpackagingwastebyencouragingpackagingre-useandrecyclingwhileatthesametimeavoiddistortionsintheinternalmarket.Thetargetsdefinedarethefollowing:•Recoveryofminimum60%byweightofthepackagingwaste•Recyclingofatleast55%andamaximum80%byweightofthetotallyofpackagingmaterials,withamaterial-specificminimumrecyclingrateforplasticof22.5%•Max.sumofconcentrationlevelsofPb,Cd,HgandCr6+-100ppmbyweight5SupplierComplianceSummit2005SummaryonrelateddirectivesDirectiveRef.DateObjectiveRemarks91/338/EEC18Jun91RestrictionontheuseofCadmiumpigment(amendingforthe10thtimeDirective76/769/EEC)Thecadmiumcontent(expressedasCdmetal)exceeds0,01%bymassisprohibitedinthefinishedproductsorcomponentsofproductsmanufacturedfrompolymersorcopolymersofvinylchlorideandstabilizedbysubstances.91/157/EEC98/101/EC(amendment)3Mar9122Dec98Therecoveryandcontrolleddisposalofthosespentbatteriesandaccumulatorscontainingdangeroussubstances.Batteriesandaccumulatorsareprohibitedwithcontent:•Morethan25mgofmercurypercell,exceptalkalinemanganesebatteries,•Morethan0.025%ofcadmiumbyweight,•Morethan0.4%ofleadbyweight,•Alkalinemanganesebatteriescontainingmorethan0.025%ofmercurybyweight76/769/EEC27Jul76Approximationofthelaws,regulationsandadministrativeprovisionsoftheMemberstatesrelatingtorestrictionsonthemarketinganduseofcertaindangeroussubstanceandpreparations6SupplierComplianceSummit2005Whichmaterialsarebanned?(Directive2002/95/EC)Lead(Pb)-Usedinvirtuallyallsolders,electroniccomponentsandmanyPWB’s.Cadmium(Cd)-Usedinbatteries(NiCd),plasticstabilizers,platings.Mercury(Hg)-Usedinsomeelectricalcomponents,batteries,pigments.Hexavalentchromium(Cr6+)-Usedindyes,pigments,platingsolutions,alloys.Polybrominatedbiphenyls(PBB)&Polybrominateddiphenylethers(PBDE)-BothPBBandPBDEareusedasflameretardantsinplastics,PWBinsulation.Effectivefrom1July2006.7SupplierComplianceSummit2005ExceptionstoRoHS(Allexceptionswillbereviewedevery4yearsorless)1.Lead:-intheglassofcathoderaytubes-incertainsteel(0.35%),aluminum(0.4%)andcopperalloys(4%)-inhighmeltingtemperaturetypesolders-insoldersforserversandStorageArrays(Until2010)-Leadinsoldersfornetworkinfrastructureequipmentinelectronicceramicparts(i.e.piezoelectriccomponents)2.Mercury:insomelightingapplications3.Cadmium:Cdplating4.Hexavalentchromiuminabsorptionrefrigerators5.Furtherexceptionsarestillunderdiscussion.8SupplierComplianceSummit2005Wherecanwefindthebannedsubstance?Pb-SnAlloy•mostcommonusedinsolders;•Terminations,PCBcoatings,componentleadfinishes,&cable(PVC).Pb9SupplierComplianceSummit2005CommonlyUsedPb-FreeSolderMeltingpointsofthecommonPb-freesolderhavebeendeterminedprecisely,suchas:SystemEutecticTemp(ºC)Sn3.5Ag221Sn3~3.5Ag0.5~0.7Cu217-218Sn0.5~2.8Ag0.5~0.7Cu1~3.0Bi214-220Sn2.8Ag15Bi136-197Sn8Zn3Bi193-19905010015020025030090±60sPeaktemp:240~255oC220oCorHigher180oCPre-heatingT(℃)ReflowSolderingTime,secReflowtime:30±30s150oCAschematicviewofareflowprofileofatypicallead-freesolderingprocess10SupplierComplianceSummit2005Pb-freecoatingComponentleadcoating:•Electroplatedtin,•ElectrolessNickel/ImmersionGold,•ImmersionSilver,•ElectrolyticGold,•Palladium/nickel-usedonsomesemiconductorleadfra