影子工资率对农户劳动供给水平的影响(1)

X():,,,,:,,,,(Morduch,1995),,,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,,:;;,,632000.5X,12.1%,(UniversityofMichigan)AlbertPark©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,Ben2jamin(1992),;DeolalikarVijverberg(1987)Jacoby(1992)Skoufias(1994);Lopez(1986),,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,()()1997,43460,446,199761997611997:%269.62.87.59.221.3()538124316361091822860GDP()1353150819701268950()2085804812101862732.950432.476.682.670.187.656.762.9718563.88428.049.4:,1997,(1),6199720%,,;,,,1659,352,31.9%;1044,49.95%,,12.1%446,199761838,,933,905;6236,,155,81,,4597.9%,6,7.3,5.8,73©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.40.9%35.3%21.1%;3.7%28.4%58%2216.591.7127.581.721(/)0.530.742(/)0.330.56()447442461()6.733.472()2.923.20142.610.5240.510.32.160.98171.471.11600.340.63III1996()1204611545III(/)1.701.48III8.075.73III0.480.43III0.3080.303IV()1663612IV0.230.228IV()951.17IV()1002.4493.9:1997(),,,,,,6,,73%,64%(6,1),,62.7%45.4%,80.6%,,,Jacoby(1993)Skoufias(1994),Skoufias,,,:Iny=rjxj+u(1),y,j,xj,,uxj:FMFF,:83©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.W^m=Y^FM^FMW^f=y^FF^FF(2),(),()z():V^=y-(W^mFM+W^fFF)-(VSEED+VFERT+VIRR+VOINP)+z+V(3),Cobb-Douglas,OLS,I,,II,3IIIAdj-R20.620.63,t(2),(2)3Cobb-Douglas(OLS)IIItt0.2353.730.1212.560.05761.770.3807.830.3938.560.4147.430.4408.360.1601.610.1861.910.09292.910.08442.64R2(Adj-R2)0.635(0.62)0.643(0.634)F49.0971.75381409:19971.(Homogeneity),,,;,,(Additive)93,19976GDP1410,1044,(3II),0.43/8,300,1042,©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,:InRi=0+mInWm+fInWf+vInVi+Bi+i(4),Ri,BiaoamafavaB,i,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,;,(Back-Bending),,,;,,,,,,lnW^ilnV^i,,,,,;60;,1996,,;,,4362.,,,;,,,,,(Unbiasedness),,,,(Inef2ficient),2SLSWhite,,4R2-0.280.49,,:,,,,04,0,lnW^ilnV^i,©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,Skoufias(1994),-0.069,-0.043Skoufias:,,,,0.12,SkoufiasJacoby(1993)0.1024(2SLS)-0.12(2.90)-0.099(2.92)-0.12(3.30)-0.043(1.68)0.011(0.51)0.010(0.49)0.006(1.71)0.0031(0.41)0.026(2.54)-0.033(2.71)0.02(2.37)-0.03(2.89)0.031(1.61)-0.017(1.17)0.022(1.55)-0.01(0.96)0.042(1.42)-0.022(0.10)0.61(2.23)1.13(58)359359F16.3326.19R20.280.49:1.2.t3.:1996:1997,,,(SpecificationError),,(),;,,(),,,;,,:,,,,,,,,:,(Yang,1997)14©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,;,,(Welch,1970),;,(,1999a),,,,,,,,,,:,,,(,1999),,,,,(),,1Morduch,J.(1995)IncomeSmoothingandConsumptionSmoothing.J.ofEcon.Perp.Vol.92Jacoby,H.(1993)ShadowWagesandPeasantFanilyLaborSupply:AnEconometricApplicationtothePeruvianSierra.Rev.Econ.Studies.Vol.60:903-223Benjamin,D.(1992)HouseholdComposition,LaborMarkets,andLaborDemand:TestingforSeparationinAgriculturalHouse2holdModels.EconometricaVol60,287-3224Deolalikar,A.andW.Vijverberg.(1987)ATestoftheHeterogeneityofFamilyandHiredLaborinAsianAgriculture.Ox2fordBulletinEconomicsandStatisticsVol.61408-165Gronau,R.(1977)Leisure,HomeProduction,andWork-TheTheoryofAllocationofTimeRevisited.JournalofPoliticalEconomyVol.856Skoufias,E.(1994)UsingShadowWagestoEstimateLaborSupplyofAgriculturalHouseholds.Amer.J.Agr.Econ.Vol767Yang,D.T.(1997)EducationandOff-FarmWork,EconomicDevelopmentandCulturalChangeVol.468Lopez,R.(1986)StructuralModelsoftheFarmHouseholdsthatAllowforInterdependentUtilityandProfitMaximizationDe2cisions,inI.J.Singh,L.SquireandJ.Strauss,eds.AgriculturalHouseholdModels:Extensions,ApplicationsandPolicy.Baltimore:JohnsHopkinsUniversityPress.9Welch,F.(1970)EducationandProduction,JournalofPoliticalEconomyVol.7810:,,1999611:,,19995(:)24©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.AStudyontheImplicitUnemploymentProbleminRuralChinaHouHongxiangetal(30)Thispaperintroducestheoriginoftheimplicitunemploymenttheoryandanalyzestherea2sonsofimplicitunemploymentintheprocessofindustrializationinthedevelopingcountries.Onabovetheoreticbasis,thispaperfocusesonthesituationofimplicitunemploymentinruralChina,andestimatesthenumberofimplicitunemploymentwithaeconometricmodel.EffectsofShadowWageRateontheLaborSupplyofFarmersHouseholdDuYang(36)Thispaperusesthesurveyresourcesfromfarmerhouseholdsinpoorareastoestimatethea2griculturalproductionfunctionoffarmerhouseholds,andcalculatetheshadowwageandshadowincomeaccordinglabormarginproductivity.Theresultshowsfarmersfamilydecisionisrelatedtothelaborsupplydecision,andthelaborsupplyischaracterizedwithuniteddecisionoffami2lysnumbers.AThinkingoftheMutuallyDevelopmentofIndustrializationandUrbanizationinZhejiangProvinceHuangYong&SongBingjian(43)BasedontherealdevelopmentsituationofindustrializationandurbanizationinZhejiangprovince,thispaperanalyzestheunhealthyresultsofthelagdevelopmentofurbanization.Intheend,authorputsforwardathinkingandrelatedpolicieswhichistoestablishcentertownstoputthemutuallydevelopmentofindustrializationandurbanization.TheGradualTransferofRuralIndustrialDevelopmentinChinaFengQu(49)TheFormation,MainTypesandBasicExperienceofLittleTowninBaodingRegionLuiHuien&QianLigong(57)ResearchontheEfficiencyofFarmersAgriculturalChemicalUseinZhejiangProvinceLuBoXiangetal(62)TheSocialRadiationofVolunteerSer