思科教学PPT-VLAN-TRUNK

Chapter1VLANTrunk第7章Chapter2本章目标能够配置VLANTrunk，实现跨交换机的VLAN通讯，并能排除一般的配置故障理解Trunk的概念和工作原理理解802.1q和ISL两种封装方式的工作原理Chapter3本章结构VLANTrunkTrunk的协商Trunk的概念和作用封装方式VLANTrunk的原理VLANTrunk的配置配置排错802.1qISLChapter4多个交换机上的VLAN应用FastEthernet工程VLAN市场VLAN会计VLAN1楼2楼3楼Chapter5交换机之间的VLAN通信3－1VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3如何实现交换机之间的VLAN通信？每个VLAN一条链路？如果有100个VLAN怎么办呢？Chapter6交换机之间的VLAN通信3－2VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3如何实现交换机之间的VLAN通信？只使用一条链路，那么来自多个VLAN的数据如何标识？Chapter7交换机之间的VLAN通信3－3例如：三个分别来自1、2、3班级的学生，到另一个学校去，分别要参观1、2、3班的上课情况，对方的学校怎么识别他们分别应该去哪个班级？出发前加个标识，再把标识的方法告诉对方！①②③Chapter8VLAN标识交换机给每个去往其他交换机的数据帧打上VLAN标识VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3中继链路（Trunk）接入链路（Access）VLAN1标记VLAN3标记Chapter9VLAN标识的种类以太网上实现中继可用两种封装类型ISL（Cisco私有协议）IEEE802.1QChapter10IEEE802.1Q的工作原理和帧格式2－1中继链路接入链路802.1Q标记4字节Chapter11IEEE802.1Q的工作原理和帧格式2－2标准以太网帧TPIDPriorityCFIVLANIDTCI12bit，可标识的VLANID为4096个DataDASATypeCRCDataDASATypeCRCTag带有IEEE802.1Q标记的以太网帧Chapter12CiscoISL工作原理和帧格式3－1中继链路VLAN2接入链路ISL头26字节CRC4字节Chapter13CiscoISL工作原理和帧格式3－2DASA以太类型/长度数据CRC26字节ISL头4字节ISL尾Chapter14CiscoISL工作原理和帧格式3－340位4位4位48位16位24位24位DATYPEUSERSALENSNAP/LLCHSA15位1位16位16位可变长度32位VLANIDBPDUINDEX保留被封装的帧CRCChapter15ISL和802.1Q的异同相同点都是显式标记，即帧被显式标记了VLAN的信息不同点IEEE802.1Q是公有的标记方式，ISL是Cisco私有的ISL采用外部标记的方法，802.1Q采用内部标记的方法ISL标记的长度为30字节，802.1Q标记的长度为4字节Chapter16中继的几种模式和协商2－1VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3模式为Access动态：可以成为Trunk动态：希望成为Trunk模式为TrunkChapter17中继的几种模式和协商2－2模式模式说明开启（on）将端口设置为永久中继模式关闭（off）将端口设置为永久非中继模式企望（desirable）让端口主动试图将链路转变成中继端口自动（auto）使该端口愿意将链路变成中继链路Chapter18阶段总结什么是Trunk？什么是AccessLink？Trunk的封装方式802.1QISLTrunk的接口协商模式Chapter19阶段练习如果需要与其他厂家的交换机连接配置VLANTrunk,需要使用哪种标记方式？带有VLAN标记的数据帧，普通的主机能否正确读出？Chapter20配置接口为Trunk模式Switch(config)#interfaceinterface-idSwitch(config-if)#switchportmode?accessSettrunkingmodetoACCESSunconditionallydynamicSettrunkingmodetodynamicallynegotiateaccessortrunkmodetrunkSettrunkingmodetoTRUNKunconditionallySwitch(config-if)#switchportmodetrunk接口为接入模式接口为动态协商模式接口为中继模式Chapter21配置接口为动态协商模式Switch(config-if)#switchportmodedynamic?autoSettrunkingmodedynamicnegotiationparametertoAUTOdesirableSettrunkingmodedynamicnegotiationparametertoDESIRABLE自动企望Chapter22查看接口模式Switch#showinterfaceinterface-idswitchportName:Fax/xSwitchport:EnabledAdministrativeMode:dynamicdesirableOperationalMode:downAdministrativeTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qNegotiationofTrunking:OnAccessModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingNativeModeVLAN:1(default)VoiceVLAN:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanhost-association:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanmapping:noneOperationalprivate-vlan:noneTrunkingVLANsEnabled:ALLPruningVLANsEnabled:2-1001CaptureModeDisabledCaptureVLANsAllowed:ALL接口模式缺省为dynamicdesirable封装类型为802.1qChapter23配置VLANTrunk实例VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3Port4－10Port24Port24SW1Chapter24配置VLANTrunk4－1第一步：在交换机上添加VLANSW1#vlandatabaseSW1(vlan)#vlan2VLAN2added:Name:VLAN0002SW1(vlan)#vlan3VLAN3added:Name:VLAN0003SW1(vlan)#exitAPPLYcompleted.Exiting....Chapter25配置VLANTrunk4－2第二步：将接口添加到相应的VLAN中SW1#configterminalSW1(config)#interfacerangef0/4-10SW1(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan2SW1(config)#interfacerangef0/11-23SW1(config-if-range)#switchportaccessvlan3Chapter26配置VLANTrunk4－3第三步：配置交换机之间互联的端口为TrunkSW1(config)#interfacef0/24SW1(config-if)#switchportmodetrunkChapter27配置VLANTrunk4－4VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3VLAN1VLAN2VLAN3Port4－10Port24Port24Port2－10SW2请学员完成配置Chapter28查看端口状态SW1#showinterfacef0/24switchportName:Fa0/24Switchport:EnabledAdministrativeMode:trunkOperationalMode:trunkAdministrativeTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qOperationalTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qNegotiationofTrunking:OnAccessModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingNativeModeVLAN:1(default)VoiceVLAN:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanhost-association:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanmapping:noneOperationalprivate-vlan:noneTrunkingVLANsEnabled:ALLPruningVLANsEnabled:2-1001CaptureModeDisabledCaptureVLANsAllowed:ALL接口模式配置为Trunk接口工作模式为TrunkTrunk协议类型为802.1qTrunk可以承载所有的VLANChapter29配置结果如果配置正确连接在SW1上的属于VLAN1主机能够ping通SW2上VLAN1的主机VLAN2与VLAN3同理Chapter30从Trunk中添加、删除Vlan去除VLANSwitch(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlanremovevlan-list添加VLANSwitch(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlanaddvlan-list检查中继端口允许VLAN的列表Switch#showinterfaceinterface-idswitchportChapter31从Trunk中删除Vlan配置实例SW1(config-if)#switchporttrunkallowedvlanremove2SW1(config-if)#endSW1#showinterfacef0/24switchportName:Fa0/24Switchport:EnabledAdministrativeMode:trunkOperationalMode:trunkAdministrativeTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qOperationalTrunkingEncapsulation:dot1qNegotiationofTrunking:OnAccessModeVLAN:1(default)TrunkingNativeModeVLAN:1(default)VoiceVLAN:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanhost-association:noneAdministrativeprivate-vlanmapping:noneOperationalprivate-vlan:noneTrunkingVLANsEnabled:1,3-1005PruningVLANsEnabled:2-1001CaptureModeDisabled演示演示VLAN2已经被移除，此时，连接在SW1上的VLAN2的主机与连接在SW2上的VLAN2的主机之间不能通VlanTrunk配置演示Chapter32排除故障排除故障的步骤了解故障情况分析故障可能的原因通过检测定位故障分段检测分层检测不断缩小故障范围排除故障Chapter33检查点查看交换机的指示灯状态线缆的问题？接口的问题？查看trunk接口的模式是否为trunk配置问题？协商问题？查看Trunk端口可以承载的VLAN是否包含了所有需要转发的VLAN查看VLANID是否正确查看各接口是否属于应该在的VLAN...Chapter34使用show命令检查配置查看端口状态SW1#showin