Lecture-29--IT--句型

Lecture29IT-句型P.496章振邦编周庆锦讲IT-句型是除存在句外英语中另一种带形式主语的句式。可分为：1.虚义(Empty)it:（1）表示气候，天气，温度，时间，地点，距离等的句子中：Itseemedalongtimebeforemyturncame.（2）表示一般笼统的情况：1)Ithasfaredwellwithhim.他一切顺利。2)ItwasdullwhenMarywasaway.玛丽不在，真没劲。3)Whoisit?It’sme.4)How’sitgoingwithyou?近况5)Doesititchmuch?很痒吗？6)Wheredoesithurt?7)Nowyouareinforit.倒霉（2）表示一般笼统的情况：1).Hangitall,wecan’twaitalldayforhim.见鬼!...2).Wehadanicetimeofit.玩得很开心3).Thereisnothingelseforitbuttostand.没办法，只好忍受。4).Youneverhaditsogood.日子从没这么好过。5).Takeiteasy.Easydoesit!6).It’sthetaste!7).Doctor,it’smyliver!(3)用于下列结构：Itlooksasifthecollegeisverysmall.It’smyturn.(4)用于某些习语中，it无具体意义：1).Youwillcatchit(=willbescolded)forbreakingtheglasses.2).Dothatagainandyou’llcatchit.3).Hewashardputtoittoearnalivingforhisfamily.(=Hehadgreatdifficultyinearning…)4).Thereseemednothingforitbuttotravelthe80miles.(=Thereseemedtobenootherwayout…)5).Hopit(Goaway).Youareinthewayhere.6).Jackhadahardtimeofit.(=wassuffering)7).Shehadahardtimeofitwiththatdrunkenhusbandofhers.8).Hewashardputtoittodecidewhethertostayortoquit.难以决断用于某些习语中，it无具体意义：9).Atlastwe’vemadeit.成功10).Ifwestartedearlywe’llbeabletomakeit.赶到11).Hehadthebest/worseofit.成功/失败了12).Wemustfightitout.奋斗到底13).Hewantstoleavehomeandgoitalone.独立生活/单独干14).Believeitornot.15).Cabit.打的。Busit.Walkit.Footit.16).Wemissedthelastbusandhadtofootithome.17).Lordit.作威作福。Lorditover欺压18).Nonationshouldlorditoverothernations.19).Beatit.走，滚。20).Braveitout.拼命干到底用于某些习语中，it无具体意义：21).Comeitstrong作得过分comeit尽自己分内事22).Takeitoutofsomebody拿某人出气23).Haveitoutwithsomebody与某人讲个明白24).SomedayIwillhaveitoutwithhim.25).IsthatIt？（=Isthatallyouwantedmefor?)你就要我做这些吗？26).You’reIt.你是下一个。（用于儿童游戏中）27).Ifyougomountaineeringinsuchweather,you’ll28).havetoroughit.吃苦头29).Withthatbridgedestroyed,therewasnothingforit;wehadtoswimacross.用于某些习语中，it无具体意义：30).There’snohelpforit.那是没办法的事。31).Ifyoubreakthelaw,youcan’tgetawaywithit.32).Wedecidedtogoswimmingatmidnightjustforthehellofit.为了好玩33).Igaveittohimhot.痛骂他一顿34).ThepresidenttookitonthelaminanAmericanhelicopter.溜之大吉35).Theyquarreledbutsoonmadeitupagain.言归于好36).Ifyou’regoingtochangeyourclothes,you’dbettermakeitsnappy.We’llhavetoleaveatanymoment.快点用于某些习语中，it无具体意义：37).Afewminutesaftertheburglarleft,shegotitalltogetherandcalledthepolice.镇定下来38).Smallbusinessmenusuallygetitintheneckinaneconomiccrisis.蒙受损失39).Heseldomspeaks,butwheneverhedoes,heputshisfootinit.就讲错话40).Wethereforedecidedthatwewouldsleepout(露宿）onfinenights,andhotelit（住旅店）andinnit（住客栈）andpubit（住酒店）whenitwaswet.2.先行it(anticipatoryit)当形式主语或形式宾语。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构，ing分词结构或名词性分句。It’sillegaltodrivewithoutalicense.Hemadeitclearthathedidn’twanttospeaktome.3.Cleftsentence分裂句引导词it以it为引导词的强调句,由普通陈述句转换而来的，可以强调除动词以外的大多句子成分,但单一方式的副词通常不做分裂句中心成分。通过强调，使被强调的部分成为信息中心。译为：“是…;正是…;就是…”:1).JohngaveMaryahandbagatChristmas.---ItwasJohnthat/whogaveMaryahandbagatChristmas.2).ItisI/mewhotoldhim.都不如:Iamtheonewhotoldhim.分裂句引导词it3).IgaveJohntheletter.---ItwasJohntowhomIgavetheletter./ItwasJohnIgavetheletterto.(美，口语）4).Iboughthimadictionary.如强调him,应改为:ItwasheforwhomIboughtthedictionary.5).Itisthroughart,andthroughartonlythatwecanrealizeourperfection.---OscarWilde正是通过艺术，而且只有通过艺术，才使我们认识到自己是完满的。分裂句引导词it6).Itisnotbecausethingsaredifficultthatwedonotdare;itisbecausewedonotdarethattheyaredifficult.---Seneca(古罗马修辞学家）并不是因为事情难，我们才不敢；是因为我们不敢，事情才难。7).Whereandwhenwasitthatyougottoknowher?(特殊问句强调句）8).Itisnothelpbutobstaclesthatmakeaman.造就一个人的不是助力，而是阻力。9).Itisthefirststepthatcoststhemost.万事开头难。分裂句引导词it10).Itislovethatmakestheworldgoaround.爱是推动世界的力量。11).Itisnotonlywhatyoudo,butalsohowyoudoitthatmakesthedifference.重要的不仅是你做什么，而且是你如何去做。12).Itiswhileweareyoungthatthehabitofindustryisformed.勤奋的习惯是在年轻时养成的。13).Itisyourmomentsofdecisionthatyourdestinyisshaped.决定命运的是当你做出决定的时刻。分裂句引导词it14).Itisoftenforwantofwill,ratherthanofmeans,thatmenfailedtosucceed.失败的原因往往是由于缺乏意志，而不是缺乏条件。15).Itisintheprocessofmeetingandsolvingproblemsthatlifehasmeaning.在面对问题和解决问题的过程中生活才有意义的。16).Itisnotuntilyoulosthealththatyoutrulyappreciateitsvalue.17).Itisnotbythegreyofthehairthatoneknowstheageoftheheart.了解心的年龄不是看白发。强调句型的问句表达what/how/why…isitthat?1).Whatisitthatgivesyouthefeelingthatyouarefulfillingyourpotential?发挥潜力2).Whyisitthatsomanyofusseethegoldenmomentsinthestreamofliferushpastusandrecognizenothingbutsand?…看着人生长河的黄金时光从身边急速流逝，却只看到黄沙呢？3).Whyisitthattwopeoplecanbeinthesameplaceatthesametimeandbothseeentirelydifferentthings?分裂句引导词it与先行词it的区别1.itis(was…)that去掉后强调句仍然完整：（Itis）times（that）producetheirheroes.时势造英雄。带主从句的句子则不完整：*(Itis)certain(that)hewillwin.2.含主从的句子，itis(was)可换成其他时，体，而强调句it后只能是is,was或情态助动词加be.3.定语从句中先行词一般是名词词组，而强调句可用副，介，或从句来作被强调的内容；分裂句引导词it与先行词it的区别4.定语从句一般使用that,零关系代词，wh-形式，而强调句中则主要使用that（强调人时，也可用who，whom,whose)或零关系代词.强调状语也只能用that,不要误用when,where,how,why等。如：1).ItwasinParisthat(*where)theymetforthefirsttime.2).Itwaslastsummerthat(*when)hegraduatedfromcollege.3).Itwasbecauseoftheheavysnowthat(*why)thetrainwaslate.4).ItisMr