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1状语从句定义:在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:一、时间状语从句1.when,while和as的用法(1)when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂性动作.when强调主从句动作的发生有先后。如:①Whenhegotthere,theclassroomhadbeencleaned.他到的时候,教室已打扫过了。(主句动作发生在从句动作之前)②Hewenttoplayfootballwhenhefinishedhishomework.做完作业后他就去踢足球了。(主句的动作发生在从句动作之后)when可作并列连词用,相当于justthen,atthetime,前一分句多用进行时、beaboutto或beonthepointofdoing,表示“正在做..,就在这时发生了另外一件事”或“届时”。如:①Iwasreadingwhenhesuddenlycamein.②Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.(2)while强调主句动作发生在从句动作所发生的时间段内,从句的动作必须是延续性动词。如:①Strikeironwhileit’sstillhot.②WillyoupleasetakecareofmyhousewhileIwasaway?在这一情况下,从句的动作一定是延续性动词,如果是非延续动词,要用when。如:①WillyoupleasetakecareofmyhousewhenIwentaway?②当我进来的时侯,他在和别人说话。WhileIcamein,hewastalkingwithothers.WhenIcamein,hewastalkingwithothers.(3)as引导一个持续性动作,强调主从句的动作同时发生,有“一边..一边..”的意思,也可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况,有“随着..”的意思。如:①Hesangashewalked.他边走边唱。②Ashegetsolder,hegetsmoreopen.随着年龄的增长,他越发开朗起来。2.assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when...,immediately,directly,instantly的用法。2这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”,Themomentshearrives,wecanstart.Nosoonerhadwearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.3.till,until和not...until的用法(1)在肯定句中,主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词,意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。Youmaystayheretill/untiltherainstops.你得在这里呆到雨停。(2)在否定句中,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。Hewon'tgotobedtill(until)shereturns.直到她回来他才睡。(3)not...until句型中的强调和倒装说法。ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.(强调句型)NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.(notuntil置于句首,主句要倒装)Notuntilhecamebackdidhefindhishousehadbeenbrokeninto.4.before和since的用法(1)连词before表示“还未……就……”,“不到……就……”,“……才……”,“趁还没来得及……”。Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.Wehadn'trunamilebeforehefelttired.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(2)before的句型:Itwillbe+时间段+before从句,表示“多久之后才……”。ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIcomeback.Itwon'tbelongbeforewemeetagain.(3)since的句型:Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词,表示“自从……有多久”;若从句的谓语为延续性动词,表示“自从结束/完成……起有多久”。Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere.二.地点状语从句1.地点状语从句可用where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。Whereverthereissmoke,thereisafire.无火不生烟(既无风不起浪)。2.注意区分引导的定语从句与状语从句。where引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。You'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.(状语从句)You'dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)3三.原因状语从句1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat等,每个连词的含义不尽相同。(1)because用来回答why的提问,语气最强,一般放在主句之后;(2)since表示既然或已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放在句首;(3)as多用于口语,语气比because,since弱,表示的理由是明显的或被认为是已知的,是对主句的附带说明,重点在主句,可放在句首或句尾,放在句尾时,as可省略。Ican’tgo,(as)Iambusy.(4)consideringthat,seeingthat,nowthat和since的意义相似,都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,that可以省去。Asitisraining,weshallnotgotothepark.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到了,我们就开始我们的会议。MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful.Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.四.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase,lest等。1.inorderthat与sothat两个连词都意为“以便……,为了……”,引导的状语从句中需用情态动词;inorderthat比sothat正式,引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后,而sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后。I'llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem.2.forfearthat,incase与lest这些从属连词本身带有否定意义,意为“以免,以防”,相当于sothat...not...或inorderthat...not...Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.Takeyourraincoatincase/lestitshouldrain.五.结果状语从句1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:sothat,so...that...,such...that...。其结构形式为:Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.4It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.区别so...that和such...that的用法名前such,形、副so,that从句跟在后;多多少少必用so,特别注意是little;“小”用such,“少”用so。六.条件状语从句常用引导词:if,unless,特殊引导词:as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposingthat,incasethat,onconditionthatWe’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying.Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.七、方式状语从句:引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as,asif,asthough等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照,正如”;其中asif或asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。Doasyouaretoldto,oryou'llbefired.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.WheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.八.让步状语从句1.although/though,eventhough/if引导让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同,一般可以互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用。Heisunhappythough/althoughhehasalotofmoney.尽管他很有钱,但是他不幸福。Eventhough/ifitisraining,we'llgothere.2.as引导让步状语从句as从句一般放在主句之前,用倒装语序。从句中的表语或状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词,前置时要省略冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.尽管他是孩子,他却懂得很多。MuchasIlikeitIwon'tbuyit,forit'stooexpensive.虽然我很喜欢,但我不会买的,因为它太贵了。Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.不管他怎样努力,他还是找不到工作。3.疑问词+
本文标题:状语从句讲解
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