桥式吊车的电气传动系统设计

辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计说明书第I页桥式吊车的电气传动系统设计摘要吊车是起重机的俗称，随着市场经济的快速发展，桥式起重机成为一种物料搬运的典型设备，在企业生产活动中有着显著而广泛的作用。本设计中桥式起重机的起升机构采用变频调速专用电机，而且交流驱动常规采用的调速方法是绕线式电动机转子串电阻调速，为了保证重物下放时能够低速运行，一般依靠能耗制动、反接制动，后来还采用涡流制动、转子反馈控制制动等所谓的软制动，随着电子技术的发展，PLC可编程控制器的应用使控制系统的性能进一步优化。本次设计根据桥式起重机电控设计的要求和所给的参数以及工作环境，设计出了起重机的起升机构，选出了适合的调速变频电机、变频器以及制动单元和制动电阻器的型号，设置变频器的参数以及采用PLC技术，实现了起重机的变频调速。关键词：桥式起重机；起升机构；变频调速；PLC可编程控制辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计说明书第II页AbstractCommonlyknownasthecraneisacrane,withtherapiddevelopmentofmarketeconomy,bridgecraneisonekindoftypicalofmaterialhandlingequipment,hasacsignificantandextensiveapplicationintheenterpriseproductionactivities.Thedesignoftincranehoistingmechanismadoptsfrequencycontrolofmotorspeed,motorandspeedregulatingmethodsusedconventionalacdrivesarewoundrotormotorrotorseriesresistancespeed,inordertokeeptheweightdowntoalowerspeed,generallyrelyonenergyconsumptionbraking,reverseconnectbraking,lateralsousededdycurrentbrake,rotorfeedbackcontrolbrakeandotherso-calledsoftbrake,withthedevelopmentofelectronictechnology,theapplicationofPLCprogrammablecontroller,furtheroptimizetheperformanceofthecontrolsystem.Thisdesignaccordingtotherequirementofelectriccontroldesignofbridgecraneandthegivenparametersandworkingenvironment,designedthecranehoistingmechanism,selecttheappropriatespeedregulationoffrequencyconversionmotor,frequencyconverteraswellasthebrakingunitandbrakingresistortype,settheparametersofthefrequencyconverterandPLCtechnology,realizedthefrequencycontrolofmotorspeedofcrane.Keyword:Bridgecrane;hoistingmechanism;frequencycontrol;PLCprogrammablecontrol辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计说明书第III页目录摘要............................................................................................................................................................IAbstract......................................................................................................................................................II1绪论.........................................................................................................................................................11.1本设计的研究及意义................................................................................................................11.2课题研究的国内外动态...........................................................................................................21.3论文研究的主要内容................................................................................................................32桥式起重机的结构及特点.........................................................................................................52.1桥式起重机的基本结构及特点..............................................................................................52.2桥式起重机的分类及特点.......................................................................................................62.3桥式起重机的主要参数...........................................................................................................92.4桥式起重机的负荷特点及要求............................................................................................103桥式起重机的调速系统............................................................................................................123.1电动机的调速指标..................................................................................................................123.2变频调速基本原理..................................................................................................................133.3电动机变频调速系统的特性................................................................................................163.4采用变频调速的基本考虑.....................................................................................................174电气传动系统参数的选型与计算.......................................................................................224.1齿轮电动机的选型与计算.....................................................................................................224.2变频器的选型与计算..............................................................................................................264.3尺寸标注的制动电阻器.........................................................................................................274.4变频器参数的设置..................................................................................................................285桥式起重机变频调速系统设计............................................................................................305.1桥式起重机变频调速系统设计............................................................................................305.2桥式起重机整体主电路原理图............................................................................................31结论.........................................................................................................................................................34致谢.........................................................................................................................................................35参考文献.................................................................................................................................................36辽宁科技大学本科生毕业设计说明书第1