专题02 阅读理解之主旨大意题（练习）（解析版）

资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】专题02阅读理解之主旨大意题目录主旨大意题---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1一、（最新模拟）阅读理解之阅读理解之主旨大意---文章标题-------------------------------------------------------------2二、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之主旨大意---文章大意---------------------------------------------------------------------14三、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之主旨大意---段落大意---------------------------------------------------------------------24四、（高考真题）阅读理解之主旨大意-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】02阅读理解之主旨大意题最新模拟演练一、阅读理解之主旨大意---文章标题1.（2024·安徽省皖东十校联盟高三月考）Cancer-fightinggenesinelephantscouldhelptotackleoneofthebiggestkillersofpeople,accordingtoresearch.Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans(寿命),elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,withdeathratesoflessthan5percent.Theparadoxhaspuzzledscientistsbecausemorecellsleadstogreaterreplications,whichincreasesthepossibilityofthebodyfailingtodetectdamagedDNAorafaultycellthatcanresultintumours(肿瘤).Elephantsliveforalmostaslongashumans,andcanweighuptofivetons.However,agroupofBritishandEuropeanscientistssaytheyhavetakenabigsteptowardssolvingPeto’sparadox,namedaftertheBritishepidemiologistSirRichardPeto.Elephants,theysay,carryamuchlarger,morediversegroupoftumour-fightingproteins.Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancer-fightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonseachyear.Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism’slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumour.Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53,knownasthe“guardianofthegenome”,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA．Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforself-destruct,keepingthecellfrombindingwithothersandproducingtumours.Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidtheresearchers,includingthosefromOxfordandEdinburghuniversities.Biochemicalanalysisandcomputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephant’sp53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranti-cancertoolkit.Theresearcherssuspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,theycannotbindtoothercellsaseasilyinthefaceofdozens.Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.1．Whathaspuzzledscientists?A．Fewelephantsendupdyingfromcancer.B．Elephantslivelongandweighenormously.资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Morecellsleadtohigherchancesoftumours.D．Alargerbodyislesslikelytodiscoverfaultycells.2．Whatcanbelearntfromparagraph4?A．HowmanyBritonsdieeachyear.B．Howtheanti-cancergeneworks.C．Howtheresearchwascarriedout.D．Whathavethefindingsbeenappliedto.3．Whichqualityofelephants’p53genescontributestopreventingtumours?A．Theirsizes.B．Theirlifespans.C．Theirappearances.D．Theirvarieties.4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．ScientistsFindAnti-cancerGenesinElephantsB．P53GenesPlayEssentialRoleinFightingCancerC．ElephantGenesCouldBeKeytoPreventingCancerD．GroundbreakingMedicalTreatmentforCancerontheWay【答案】1．A2．B3．C4．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，大象体内的抗癌基因可能有助于解决人类最大的杀手之一。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及相关研究发现。1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans(寿命),elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,withdeathratesoflessthan5percent.(尽管大象体型庞大，寿命长，但它们死于癌症的可能性远低于人类，死亡率不到5%)”可知，让科学家们感到困惑的是很少有大象最终死于癌症。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancer-fightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonseachyear.Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism’slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumour.Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53,knownasthe“guardianofthegenome”,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA.Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforself-destruct,keepingthecellfrombindingwithothersandproducingtumours.(上周发表在《分子生物学与进化》杂志上的这一发现，让人们看到了希望：大象身上的抗癌基因可能是攻克癌症的关键。英国每年约有16.7万人死于癌症。在生物体的一生中，细胞不断分裂。每个细胞都有产生肿瘤的风险。人体的武器之一是p53基因，它被称为“基因组守护者”，它会搜寻有缺陷DNA的细胞。它促使细胞自我修复或自我毁灭，防止细胞与其他细胞结合并产生肿瘤)”可推知，第四段说明了抗癌基因是如何工作的。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Biochemicalanalysisandcomputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephant’s资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】p53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranti-cancertoolkit.(生化分析和计算机模拟也表明，大象的p53基因在结构上略有不同，这提供了一个更大的抗癌工具包)”可知，p53基因的外表特点有助于大象预防肿瘤。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancer-fightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonseachyear.(上周发表在《分子生物学与进化》杂志上的这一发现，让人们看到了希望：大象身上的抗癌基因可能是攻克癌症的关键)”和最后一段“Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.(这一发现将为研究p53基因如何被激活以及人类的医学治疗开辟道路)”结合本文主要讲的是大象抗癌基因可能是对抗癌症的关键。由此可知，C选项“大象基因可能是预防癌症的关键”最符合文章标题。故选C。2.（2024·山东省高三上学期适应性联考（一））Manyscholarsagreethatameaningfulexistencecomesdowntothreefactors:thecoherenceofone’slife,thepossessionofclearlong-termgoalsandthebeliefthatone’slifematters.Butwebelievethereisanotherelementtoconsider.Imaginethefirstbutterflyyoustoptoadmireafteralongwinterorthesceneryatopahillafterafreshhike.Sometimesexistencedeliversussmallmomentsofbeauty.Wh