2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1　Sc

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．fictionn．小说；虚构的事2．sciencefiction(informalsci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)3．bonusn．意外收获；奖金；红利4．ridiculousadj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的5．absurdadj.荒谬的；荒唐的6．nailn．指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定7．suspendvt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓8．laddern．梯子；阶梯9．whereasconj.然而；但是；尽管10．rumourn．谣言；传闻11．presumevt.&vi.假定；假设12．faren．车费；船费；飞机票价13．gramme(NAmEgram)n.克(重量单位)14．venuen．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)15．alienn．外星人(生物)；外国人adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的16．inactionn．无行动；不采取措施17．levern．操纵杆；杠杆18．paneln．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组19．inchn．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)20．gripvt.&vi.紧握；抓紧21．hazyadj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的22．puffn．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息23．joltn．震动；摇晃；颠簸vt.&vi.(使)震动；摇晃24．flipvt.&vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛25．overstatementn．夸大；夸张Ⅱ.记重点单词1．integrityn．诚实正直；完整；完好2．dignityn．庄重；庄严；尊严3．salaryn．薪水；薪金4．saleswomann．女售货员；女推销员5．dismissvt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除6．weeklyadj.每周的n．周刊7．chairwomann．女主席；女董事长；女委员长8．flourn．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉9．salesmann．售货员；推销员10．superioradj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的11．labourn．劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作12．leathern．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套13．backwards(NAmEbackward)adv.向后；倒着；往回14．niecen．侄女；外甥女15．fetchvt.(去)拿来；(去)请来16．handkerchiefn．手帕；纸巾17．lampn．灯；台灯18．pacen．速度；步伐；节奏vt.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏19．randomadj.随机的；不可思议的20．maximumadj.最大极限的n．最大量；最大限度21．stunvt.使震惊；使昏迷Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．appointmentn．预约；约会；委任→appointvt.任命；委派；指定；约定2．guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guiltn．内疚；罪行；罪过3．declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→declarationn．宣称；声明4．calculatevt.计算；核算；预测→calculatorn．计算器→calculationn．计算5．blurredadj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blurv．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊6．divisionn．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→dividev．分开；分散；分配；分享7．urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的8．explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→explosionn．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增9．mudn．泥；泥浆→muddyadj.泥泞的1．mysteryn．神秘；神秘的事物2．nationwideadj.全国范围的；全国性的3．negotiatevi.谈判；商议4．neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区5．normaln．&adj.正常的(状态)6．nutritionn．营养；营养品7．obtainvt.得到8．occupationn．职业；占有Ⅳ.背核心短语1．testout检验；测试2．morelike更像是；更接近3．ona．..basis根据；以……的方式(基准)4．prosandcons事物的利与弊；支持与反对5．superiorto比……更好；更胜一筹6．takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手7．conflictwith与……冲突或抵触8．turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是9．fallaway(逐渐)减少；消失10．haveanurgeto有强烈的欲望做某事Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Onthesecondmorning，Tonybroughtherbreakfastandthenaskedherwhethersheneededhelpdressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。2．Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.(morethan...不仅仅……)她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。3．ItfeltlikeIwasbeingdrivenfastonawindingroad.(feellike...感觉像……)这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。4．SolongasItravelledatmaximumspeed，itdidn’tmatter.(solongas引导条件状语从句)只要我全速行进就不会有问题。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。bonus，guilty，division，declare，appointmentMyniece，Jane，labouredtothemaximumfor10yearsinashoppingmallandfinallyshetookupan1.appointmentasthechairwoman.Shewasrespectedbyallthesalesmenandsaleswomenbecauseshewasfullofintegrityanddignity.Sheexactlycalculatedthestaff’ssalariesandrewardedthebestoneswitha2.bonus.Mostofthestaffweremodest，whereasonesalesman，Jack,3.declaredthathecouldsellanythingbyabsurdoverstatements，suchassciencefiction，ladders，flour，leathers，leversofvariouspanels，handkerchiefs，nails，lampsandevenmud.Inhisview，hewassuperiortoothers，sohehadanurgetotakeoverthepositionofsalesmanager.Itturnedoutthatheoftenconflictedwithothers.ThencamearumourthatallthestaffwouldresignifJackwasn’tdismissed，whichgreatlystunnedJaneandevenmadeherexplodewithanger.Janethoughtinactionwasimproper，sosheurgedJacktoweighprosandcons.Otherwise，hisjobwouldbesuspended.Jackfeltso4.guiltyabouthisridiculousbehaviorthattearsblurredhiseyes.Hepromisedtoapologizetoallthestaffatameetingonaweeklybasistoremovethe5.divisionbetweenhimandhiscolleagues.Hewouldsharewhathegrippedfromthatdayon.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guiltn．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)beguiltyof犯有……罪be/feelguiltyfor/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧(1)Ifeltguiltyfor/at/aboutmyconflictwithmydearfriendandImustapologizetohim.(2)她喃喃道：“我已经犯下欺骗奶奶的错误，”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(读后续写之愧疚心理描写)①“Ihavebeenguiltyofcheatingmybelovedgrandmother，”shemurmured，andtearsofguiltfloweddownhercheeks.(并列句)②“Ihavebeenguiltyofcheatingmybelovedgrandmother，”shemurmured，tearsofguiltflowingdownhercheeks.(独立主格结构)urgen．强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgentadj.紧急的；急迫的)•have/feelanurgetodosth有强烈的欲望做某事•urgesbtodosth催促某人做某事urgethat...(should)dosth极力主张/强调……做某事Itisurgedthat...(should)dosth极力主张/强调……做某事(1)Thesalesmandidn’tworkyesterdaybecausehehadsomeurgent(urge)thingstohandle.(2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。(2022·全国甲，书面表达)①Toprotectoceansbetter，wemusturgemorepeopletoreflectontheirownimproperbehaviorandmakechanges.(urgesbtodosth)②Toprotectoceansbetter，wemusturgethatmorepeople(should)reflectontheirownimproperbehaviorandmakechanges.(urgethat...)(3)随着中国的发展，极力主张年轻人无障碍地与外国人交流。因此，任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语俱乐部。(2022·天津3月，书面表达)WiththedevelopmentofChina，itisurgedthattheyoung(should)communicatewithforeignerswithoutdifficulty.Hence，anyonewhohas/feelsanurgetospeakfluentEnglishcanregisterforourSpokenEnglishClub.takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功takeon呈现；雇用；承担takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留takeup占去；占据；开始从事用take的相关短语填空After(1)takingoverthefirmfromhisfather，Tom(2)tookinsomescientificideasand(3)tookonsomeexperiencedandhard-workingworkers，whichsuggestedthathisfirmwould(4)takeoffsoon.Certainly，managingthefirm(5)tookupalmostallhist