选择性必修第一册 Unit 1　People of Achievement (116)

选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievement高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解ABanffNationalParkishometoanamazingwildlifepopulation.ButthebusyTrans-CanadaHighwaythatcutsthroughtheparkisahazardtothelovelyanimals.Toaddresstheproblem，Banfffirstputupwildlifefencingoneithersideofthehighwaytodiscourageanimalsfromenteringthebusyroad.Then，since1996，sixwildlifeoverpassesand38underpasseshavebeenopenedtohelptheanimalscrossthehighwayinsafety.IwasfortunatetovisitBanff’sRedEarthOverpasswithTrevorKinley，theprojectmanagerofParksCanada.Hetoldmethatsofar，theyhaddocumented10,000safeanimalcrossingsonthisoverpassalone.“Someanimalshavelearnedhowtousethecrossingsmuchmorequicklythanothers.Blackbearsarethefastestlearners，followedbydeer.Wolvesandlionstakethelongesttoworkouthowtousethem，”Kinleysaid，laughing.“Butthoseanimalsthatareslowertoadaptareusuallymorecapableanddeterminedtofigureoutthesafestwaytocrossthoseoverpassesandunderpasses.”Thereissomecriticism(批评)thatchannelingsomuchwildlifeintoafewbridgesandtunnelsislikemakingatrapfortheanimals，offeringbiganimalsaneasymealoneitherside.“Butresearchhasshownthatthisisnotthecase，”Kinleyassuredme.“Therearenomorekillingsaroundthecrossingsthananywhereelseinthepark.”WalkingovertheTrans-CanadaHighwayandthenwalkingunderneaththroughoneofthetunnels，Iwasamazedtoseethefreshtracksofblackbears，wolves，deerandmanykindsofsmalleranimals.Somehow，Iwassohappytoseealltheseanimalfootprints，knowingthatallthiswildlifewaspassingsafelyunderandoverthelongestroadinCanada.Hopefully，thesuccessofthewildlifecrossingsinBanffwillcontinuetoinspiresimilarsolutionsaroundtheworld，wherehumanpressureonwildlifecontinuestogrow.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。一条横贯Banff国家公园的公路给动物自由活动带来了困难，为了给动物们提供安全的行走途径，园区在该公路沿途修建了一些空中及地下通道，本文主要讲述了作者参观这些通道时的见闻。1．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlined“hazard”inparagraph1?A．Shelter.B．Message.C．Answer.D．Danger.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词之前的“But”和之后的“Toaddresstheproblem”和“sixwildlifeoverpassesand38underpasseshavebeenopenedtohelptheanimalscrossthehighwayinsafety”可知，为了应对问题，修建了天桥和地下通道让动物安全地通过公路，结合选项可以推断，hazard和danger含义相近。2．WhatdoesTrevorKinleysayaboutthosewolvesandlions?A．Theyarestupidanimals.B．Theyarecautiouslearners.C．Theyareverydangerous.D．Theyaregoodatadapting.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段末句可知，适应得慢的动物通常更有能力和决心找出最安全的穿过天桥和地下通道的方法。由此可以推断出，TrevorKinley认为狼和狮子是谨慎的学习者。3．Whatarethecriticsworriedabout?A．Therearetoomanybridgesandtunnels.B．Manyanimalswillnotusethecrossings.C．Morekillingsmighthappenatthecrossings.D．Illegalhuntingmightbeencouragedinthepark.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，批评者担心的是集中穿过这些通道时，小型动物容易被其他大型动物吃掉。4．Howdoestheauthorfeelattheendofthevisit?A．Concerned.B．Disappointed.C．Shocked.D．Delighted.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Somehow，Iwassohappytoseealltheseanimalfootprints”可知，作者在参观结束时是高兴的。BPlantsdon’thaveearsoracentralnervoussystem，butnewresearchoutoftheUniversityofMissourihasdemonstratedthattheymightstillhavetheabilityto“hear”．Morespecifically，plantshavebeenshowntoexhibitanimmuneresponsetothemeresoundofahungryinsect.Forthestudy，researchersplayedthesoundofacaterpillarchewingtoagroupofplants，whichcausedslightvibrations(振动)ontheplants’leaves.Theplantswereabletorecognizethesevibrationpatternsasdanger，andrespondedbymountingtheappropriateimmuneresponse.Inotherwords，itappearsthatplantscan“hear”themselvesbeingchewedon.Researchersassumethatplantsachievethisremarkableabilitythankstoproteinsthatrespondtopressurefoundwithintheircellmembranes.Vibrationscausepressurechangeswithinthecell，whichcanchangethebehavioroftheproteins；however，additionalstudywillberequiredtoconfirmordenythistheory.Onceresearchersidentifytheexactmechanismsatplayinthisprocess，itcouldleadtoadvancesincropprotection.Farmerscouldpotentiallylearntousesoundtocauseaplant’snaturalchemicaldefensesagainstinsectthreats，ratherthanturningtopoisonouschemicals.“Wecanimagineapplicationsofthiswhereplantscouldbetreatedwithsoundorgeneticallyengineeredtorespondtocertainsoundsthatwouldbeusefulforagriculture，”saidstudyauthorHeidiAppel.Thestudyaddstothegrowinglistofwaysthatplantshavebeenshowntosensetheirenvironments.Theyarenottheboringorganismsthatmanypeopleassumetheyare.Forinstance，someplantsareabletocommunicatewitheachotherandsignalupcomingdangertotheirneighborsbyreleasingchemicalsintotheair.Plantscanrespondtolight(thinkaboutsunflowers)andtemperature.Somecanevenrespondtotouch，suchastheVenusflytrap(捕蝇草)，whichsnapsshutwhenaninsectstimulatesitshairs.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明：植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这一发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。5．Whydidresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A．Tofindoutifplantscanreacttosounds.B．Tolearnhowplantsrecognizedangers.C．Todiscoverifplantscanshaketheirleaves.D．Toseehowplantsimproveimmunesystems.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“更具体地说，植物已经被证明会对饥饿昆虫的声音表现出免疫反应”及第二段的研究过程可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物是否对声音有反应。故选A。6．What’sthepotentialuseofresearchers’discovery?A．Toremoveinsects.B．Toprotectcrops.C．Totreatplantdiseases.D．Toproducechemicals.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼。故选B。7．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Therearemoreplantsthanweknow.B．Lotsofsecretsaboutplantsremainunclear.C．Plantsfitinwellwiththeirenvironments.D．Plantsaremoreactivethanwethink.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第