考点8 阅读理解推理判断之文章结构（核心考点精讲精练）-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考

1考点8阅读理解推理判断之文章结构（核心考点精讲精练）1.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对推断文章结构进行考查，这不意味着未来不会考查。高考备考要充分准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的试题。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体推断文章结构。推断文章结构的方法：1.从整体出发，辨别文章结构图；2.根据文章的某一段落，选择文章作者是怎么展开或组织段落的。【备考策略】系统归类推断文章结构的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】学业水平考试的是高中生的毕业考试，高考是国家选拔创新人才的考试。学考和高考分开考的目的很明确。高考就是选拔性考试，通过高考英语试题，考查学生的推理判断能力和逻辑思维能力及品质是重要导向。通过阅读理解中，推断文章结构考查考生的整体观，从全局看问题的能力，在新高考命题中很可能会出现。推断文章结构的命题依据是：新课程标准中要求学生掌握：主要语篇结构特征。因此，推断文章结构的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的题型，应该倍加注意。【2024年高考命题预测】推理判断之推断文章结构考点是新课标中明确要考的考点。在当今高考的新改革时代，考查文章结构题最能考查学生对语篇的整体把控，要求学生必须从大处着眼。预测在2024高考中，推断文章结构题有可能在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之文章结构考点指南】规律方法：文章结构主要的设题方式常有：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?规律方法：如何解决文章结构题？考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此,具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。1、记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：2第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。3、说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。（2023届江西省赣州市高三下学期二模）Sleepisreparative.Becauseweneedtorepairalotwhilewesleep,it’simportanttogetqualitysleep.Mostofusfunctionbetterinthedaytimewithroutines.Wealsofunctionbetteratnightwitharoutinebecausewewanttokeeppacewithournaturalbodyrhythms.Eachperson’sroutinemaybedifferent—somepeoplewashtheirfaceatnight,andsometakeabath—justmakesureitisaroutine.That’strueduringtheweekandontheweekend;consistencymatters.Haveawindingdown,gettingreadyforsleeproutine,andcarrythatoutatthesametimeeverynight.Findthingsthatarerelaxingandhelpslowyoudownforsleep.Thatmaybereading,listeningtomusic,meditating,praying—anythingthat’srelaxingwhilealsobeingconstructiveorhealthy.Typically,peoplerelaxandtendtosloweverythingdownatbedtime.Astheyrelax,theytakedeeperbreaths,increasingoxygenflow,whichraisestheirskintemperature.Thisisoneofthekeyreasonswhywesleepbetterinacoolerenvironment.Ifyourskintemperatureincreasesandyourroomisalreadyabitwarm,youwillbetoohottosleepwell.Theexacttemperatureisapersonalmatter.Thekeyisthatit’smoretowardcoolthanhot.Manyconsider68degreesanenvironmentthat’sneithersocoldweshivernorsohotwesweat.Butthere’snoscientificevidenceforanexact,perfectsleepingtemperature.Attheendoftheday,sleepisabsolutelycrucialforsomanyreasons.Ithelpsusrepairandrejuvenatesowecanfightinfection,concentrate,regulateourmoods,showupforourselvesandthepeopleinourlives,andbasicallyfunctionashumans.Wecan’tmakeuplostsleep,contrarytowhatmanyanightowlmightthink.So,it’sreallyhightimeweshoulddoallwecantofosterthebestsleeppossible,startingwithacoolroomandrelaxingbedtimeroutine.1．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A．Aroutinecanbehelpfulingettingqualitysleep.B．It’sbesttoavoidscreensbeforeyougotobed.C．Higherqualityofsleepleadstobettermentalhealth.D．Listeningtomusicmakesitdifficulttostayasleep.2．Whatwillhappenwhenpeoplerelaxduringsleepatnight?A．They’lltakemoreregularbreaths.B．They’llfeelcoolerthanintheday.C．Theirskintemperaturewillrise.D．Theywillnotgetenoughoxygen.3．Whatmainpointdoestheauthorwanttomakeinthelastparagraph?A．Goodsleepcanbemadeatanytime.B．Sleepisimportantformanyreasons.C．Trytodevelopgoodsleephabitsnow.D．Lostsleepmakesnodifferencetopeople.4．What’sthestructureofthetext?3A．B．C．D．（2023届山东省潍坊市安丘市高三3月过程检测）Adietrichinfruitandvegetablesandincorporatingadailyglassofwinecanprotectthebrainagainstdementia,astudysuggests.StickingcloselytoMediterraneaneatinghabits,whichalsoincludeplentyofnuts,seafood,wholegrainsandoliveoil,hasbeenlinkedtoa23percentlowerriskofdementia.Basedondatagatheredon60,000peopleviatheUKBiobank,amedicaldatabasesetupin2006,theresearchersscoredparticipants’dietsforhowcloselytheymatchedtheidealMediterraneandietontwoscales.Usingone,thosewhoseeatinghabitswerethebestmatchwere23percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhosedietsleastfitthepattern.Adietwithaperfectscorewouldinvolvemorethanfourtablespoonsofoliveoil,atleasttwoportionsofvegetablesandthreeoffruitperdayaswellasaglassofwine.Itwouldalsoincludeatleastthreeservingsoflegumes,90gramsofnuts,andthreeservingsoffishorshellfishaweek.Theidealdietwouldalsoinvolveverylittleredorprocessedmeat,avoidingtoomanysweeteneddrinks,butter,margarineorcream.Thesecondscaleusedsimilarcriteriaandaclosematchonthatwaslinkedtoa14percentlowerriskofdementia.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalBMCMedicine,appearedtoshowa“protectiveeffectregardlessofsomeone’sgeneticrisk”.DrSusanMitchell,ofAlzheimer’sResearchUK,said,“Thereisawealthofevidencethateatingahealthy,balanceddietcanhelpreducetheriskofcognitivedecline.Buttheevidenceforspecificdietsismuchlessclear-cut.”Shepointedoutthatthestudyonlydrewondatafrompeoplewithwhite,BritishorIrishancestry.Shesaid,“Whiletherearenosurefirewaystopreventdementiayet,adietrichinfruitandvegetables,alongwithplentyofexerciseandnotsmoking,allcontributetogoodhearthealth,whichinturnhelpstoprotectourbrainfromdiseasesthatleadtodementia.”5．Whatdidthestudyfindout?A．Anewwaytocureadisease.B．Apopulardiettokeepbalance.C．Amedicaldatabasetodor