易错点17 阅读理解：主旨大意题（大陷阱）-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题（解析版）

资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】易错点17阅读理解主旨大意题目录01易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。【分析】标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。【分析】每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but,however,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary等。【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点【例1】（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Thescientist’sjobistofigureouthowtheworldworks,to“torture(拷问)”Naturetorevealhersecrets,asthe17thcenturyphilosopherFrancisBacondescribedit.Butwhoarethesepeopleinthelabcoats(orsportsjackets,orT-shirtsandjeans)andhowdotheywork?Itturnsoutthatthereisagooddealofmysterysurroundingthemystery-solvers.“Oneofthegreatestmysteriesisthequestionofwhatitisabouthumanbeings—brains,education,cultureetc.thatmakesthemcapableofdoingscienceatall,”saidColinAllen,acognitivescientistatIndianaUniversity.Twovitalingredientsseemtobenecessarytomakeascientist:thecuriositytoseekoutmysteriesandthecreativitytosolvethem.“Scientistsexhibitaheightenedlevelofcuriosity,”readsa2007reportonscientificcreativity.“Theygofurtheranddeeperintobasicquestionsshowingapassionforknowledgeforitsownsake.”MaxPlanck,oneofthefathersofquantumphysics,oncesaid,thescientist“musthaveavividandintuitiveimagination,fornewideasarenotgeneratedbydeduction(推论),butbyanartisticallycreativeimagination.”......ongasourbesttechnologyforseeinginsidethebrainrequiressubjectstolienearlymotionlesswhilesurroundedbyagiantmagnet,we’reonlygoingtomakelimitedprogressonthesequestions,”Allensaid.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A．WhoAreTheMystery-solversB．ScientistsAreNotBornButMadeC．GreatMystery:WhatMakesAScientistD．SolvingMysteries:InsideAScientist'sMind易错分析：没有理清第一段和第二段的关系。第一段提出疑问，引出话题，第二段提出文章的中心主题，全文围绕其展开说明。【答案】C【解析】文章标题。根据第二段““Oneofthegreatestmysteriesisthequestionofwhatitisabouthumanbeings——brains,education,cultureetc.—thatmakesthemcapableofdoingscienceatall,”saidColinAllen,acognitivescientistatIndianaUniversity.(印第安纳大学的认知科学家ColinAllen说：“最大的谜团之一是，人类究竟是什么——大脑、教育、文化等——使他们能够从事科学研究。”)”结合文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家。C选项“伟大的奥秘:是什么造就了科学家”最符合文章标题。故选C。【变式1】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou'reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹没)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyofhamburgersandeggswhenyou'rehungry.Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestandrefreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarich资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】personisnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary.MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou'vebroughtthatspirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playedabit.Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HouseofLifeB．SecretofWealthC．RestandRefreshmentD．InterestandEnthusiasm易错分析：第一段没有出现中心主旨句时，慌乱中无中生有，按现实生活去无中生有选择干扰项。应当重点关注第二段，尾段和其余段落的主题句。【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了现实生活里很多人物质上非常丰富，住豪宅，享美食。但是他们精神上却是贫穷的，要想得到内心的幸福，需要了解艺术，文学，音乐等等不同的内容来丰富我们的内心世界。文章中多次提到“house”，把生活比喻为“一所房子”，要想幸福，必须在这所房子里填满艺术、文学、音乐等精神上的东西。A项“HouseofLife”涵盖了这些内容。故选A项。【变式2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime.I’mcertainthatyouknowalltoowellthedangershidingontheWorldWideWeb.Andwhetherit’sforschoolwork,entertainment,orjustsocializingwithfriends,theInternetwillsurelybeamajorpartofyourchild’slife.So,it’simportanttosecuretheironlinestays.It’snottheeasiestthing,butkeepingopenlinesofcommunicationisprimary.Letthemknowtheycansharetheironlineactivitieswithyou.Talktothemabouttheironlinepresenceasearlyas资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】possible,ideallybeforetheybegintouseemail,socialmedia,orasmartphone.Discusswhattheyfindinterestingonlineandlearningfromthemaboutpopularwebsitesandapps;thiswillcreateunderstandingandallowyoutoidentifypotentialrisks.Next,monitorwitho