网络工程师-6-管理网络设备

©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-1Chapter6管理网络环境©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-2CDP协议（CiscoDiscoveryProtocol）•Cisco私有协议可通告直连的Cisco设备。如：switches,routers,andother。•CDP与上层协议无关•物理介质支持SNAP封装Upper-LayerEntryAddressesCiscoProprietaryData-LinkProtocolMediaSupportingSNAPTCP/IPNovellIPXCDPdiscoversandshowsinformationaboutdirectlyconnectedCiscodevicesATMOthersLANsFrameRelayAppleTalkOthers©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-3RunsonrouterswithCiscoIOS10.3orlaterandCiscoswitchesandhubsSummaryinformationincludes:•设备标识•地址列表•接口标识•设备类型CDPshowcdpCDPCDP通过CDP发现邻居©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-4使用CDPSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1RouterA#shcdp?entryInformationforspecificneighborentryinterfaceCDPinterfacestatusandconfigurationneighborsCDPneighborentriestrafficCDPstatisticscrRouterA(config)#nocdprunRouterA(config)#interfaceserial0RouterA(config-if)#nocdpenable©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-5SwitchAalsoprovidesitsMacaddressshowcdpneighborCommandRouterA#shcdpneighborsCapabilityCodes:R-Router,T-TransBridge,B-SourceRouteBridgeS-Switch,H-Host,I-IGMP,r-RepeaterDeviceIDLocalIntrfceHoldtmeCapabilityPlatformPortIDRouterBSer0148R2522Ser1SwitchA0050BD855780Eth0167TS19002SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-6showcdpentryCommandRouterA#shcdpentry*-------------------------DeviceID:RouterBEntryaddress(es):IPaddress:10.1.1.2Platform:cisco2522,Capabilities:RouterInterface:Serial0,PortID(outgoingport):Serial1Holdtime:168secVersion:CiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftwareIOS(tm)2500Software(C2500-JS-L),Version12.0(3),RELEASESOFTWARE(fci)Copyright(c)1986-1999byciscoSystems,Inc.CompiledMon08-Feb-9918:18byphanguyeSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-7其它CDPCommandsRouterA#shcdptrafficCDPcounters:Packetsoutput:56,Input:38Hdrsyntax:0,Chksumerror:0,Encapsfailed:3Nomemory:0,Invalidpacket:0,Fragmented:0RouterA#shcdpinterfaceBRI0isadministrativelydown,lineprotocolisdownEncapsulationHDLCSendingCDPpacketsevery60secondsHoldtimeis180secondsSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-8使用Telnet命令连接远程设备RemotedeviceSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1RouterA#telnet10.2.2.2Trying10.2.2.2...Open-------------------------------------------------Catalyst1900ManagementConsoleCopyright(c)CiscoSystems,Inc.1993-1998Allrightsreserved.EnterpriseEditionSoftwareEthernetAddress:00-90-86-73-33-40PCANumber:73-2239-06PCASerialNumber:FAA02359H8KModelNumber:WS-C1924-ENSystemSerialNumber:FAA0237X0FQ..SwitchB©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-9查看Telnet连接SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1RouterA#shsessionConnHostAddressByteIdleConnName110.1.1.210.1.1.20110.1.1.2*210.3.3.210.3.3.20010.3.3.2RouterA#shuserLineUserHost(s)IdleLocation*0con010.1.1.2310.3.3.2211vty0idle110.1.1.2©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-10挂起Telnet会话SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1RouterB#Ctrl-Shift-6xRouterA#shsessionConnHostAddressByteIdleConnName110.1.1.210.1.1.20110.1.1.2RouterA#resume1RouterB#©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-11RouterA#disconnectClosingconnectionto10.3.3.2[confirm]RouterA#clearline11[confirm][OK]关闭Telnet会话ClosingasessionopenedbyaremotedeviceClosingthecurrentsessionopenedbyyouSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA10.3.3.210.3.3.110.1.1.110.1.1.210.2.2.110.2.2.2S0S1©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-12pingandtrace命令TestconnectivityandpathtoaremotedeviceRouter##ping10.1.1.10Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto10.1.1.10,timeoutis2seconds:!!!!!Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=4/4/4msRouter#trace10.1.1.10Typeescapesequencetoabort.Tracingtherouteto10.1.1.10110.1.1.104msec4msec4msecRouter#©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-13CiscoRouter启动过程•加电自检(POST)•导入并运行bootstrap代码•寻找IOS•加载IOS•寻找配置文件configuration•加载配置文件configuration•运行©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-14Router内部组件RAMConfigregisterROMFlashNVRAMInterfaces©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-15ROMFunctionsROMContainsmicrocodeforbasicfunctionsBootstrapMiniIOSROMmonitorPOSTshowversionConsole©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-16查找IOSFlashshowversionshowstartup-configIOSOrderofsearch:1.Checkconfigurationregister2.ParseconfiginNVRAM3.DefaulttofirstfileinFlash4.Attemptnetboot5.RXBOOT6.ROMMONConsoleConfigregisterNVRAM©1999,CiscoSystems,Inc.—5-17RouterStart-upFlowChartUseIOSfromFlashAttempttogetIOSfromnetworkUseIOSinROM(RXBootmode)Checkstart-upconfigBootfield=00x0Bootfield=10x1Bootsystemcommands?Configregbit13=1?5failures?ValidIOSinFlash?DowhattheysayRunROMMonitorSTARTYesYesNoNoYesNoNoYesYesNoNoYesSuccess?NoYesUsefilefromNetworkLoadIOSValidconfig?Configregbit6=1?YesNoYesSET