第2章生产运作战略

11970121980419901823364,000432,10011176(Oneofakindproduction)34ABAllen-Brandry24199857920201010(1)(2)(Time-basedcompetition)“”TQM,Processingtime)9109T101(Setuptime)ConcurrentEngineering,CECETeamworkTimeCompressionTechnology,TCTTCTMichaelHammerJamesChapyBusinessProcessReengineering,BPRBPRAdamSmithBPRAgileManufacturing,AM1988LehighIacoccaInstitute199121VirtualEnterpriseAMLeanproduction,LPIntelligentManufacturing,IMWin-winAMAdvancedManufacturingTechnologyAMTAMTAMTAMT1AMTComputer-AidedManufacturing,CAMAMT(NumericalControl,NC),(CNC),(DNC),(AutomaticallyGuidedVehicle,AGV)(AutomaticallyMaterialsHandling,AMH)AMT2AMT(Computer-AidedDesign,CAD),(Computer-AidedEngineering,CAE)(Computer-AidedProcessPlanning,CAPP)(MaterialsRequirementsPlanning,MRP)(ManufacturingResourcePlanning,MRPII)(EnterpriseResourcePlanning,ERP)CAMAMTAMTAMT3AMTAMTManufacturingCenter,MC(FlexibleManufacturingSystem,FMS)(ComputerIntegratedManufacturingSystem,CIMS)2060FMSFMS1984FMS300198780019901500FMSFMS12FMS409195.63FMS1.33.54276452.650555FMS751974JosephHarringtonComputerIntegratedManufacturingCIMCIMCIMCIMCIMCIMSCIM18CIMS96000CIMCIM1990IntelligentManufacturingSystemsIMS21CIMS863CIMOECD194720%1970100%196799%48%1991119EasternAirlines)(MidwayAirlines),199131113PanAmerican),199112419792719917R.H.Macy&Co.’s5110McCrory199219881992652-11199121991328628638645——(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)2-1()MichaelPorter(Overallcostleadership)(Differentiation)(Marketfocus)1TMcDonald’s)(Wal-mart)23()1234555()1(Costefficiency)2(Quality)3(Dependability)4(Flexibility)3(1)(2)(3)512Wal-MartK-MartT345()1VCD23(Lookheed)-(Rolls-Royce)-4()4123(Battle)(Xerex)(JohnsonandJohnson)Retin-A4Dow19825042-1132-1*********/******2(LayoutbyProcess),3(FixedPositionLayout)()4(QuasiManufacturing)(Customer-as-Participant)(Customer-as-Product)?(McDonald’s)3()3199251870%25%5%1992ZX1.36199591199670001.89%1998340006.73%1992199810015199719984.66199823.59.963.6119981000199757%19981-1060%199934002319971019981.92.819987480%10%199915%522282956~767199889199850%20%1197989923018648.4%23502046%512219662720.3%9966820%25991451539.5%6032811.9%15418280285.9%333646.7%77751)1986(1)(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)2)1991261997730983041997250199830%(1)(2)(3)155700(1)10%(2)1.3L3)1986CKD1590%1.0(1)(2)(3)(1)(2)(3)1449340321234512219988BVQIISO9000115/22%21997199831219991412000150004520%35131.36L1.6L1.36L1.6L9884115103199810018483592525%199734.321998378%19971998AB1997199622.4%199810199725.4%283151035()19981999222000:199719981999200030304545101515151516171815153030551015888103666(2)50(3)3123456789