module--4--music-Chinese-musical-instruments-中国古典乐

TraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsPipaKonghouGuzhengBianzhongTraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsPIPA琵琶IntroductionofPIPA•ThePipaisafour-stringedChineseinstrument,belongingtothepluckedcategoryofinstruments(弹拨乐器).•SometimescalledtheChineselute,theinstrumenthasapear-shapedwoodenbodywithavaryingnumberoffretsrangingfrom12–26Tonecolour:clearandmelodiousTheHistoryofPIPAThePIPAappearedintheQinDynasty(221-206BC)andwasdevelopedduringtheHanDynasty.ThePIPAbecameafavoriteintheTangDynastyItisoneofthemostpopularChineseinstrumentsandhasbeenplayedfornearlytwothousandyearsinChina.琵琶出现秦朝，在汉朝有所发展，它是中国近两千多年来最受欢迎的乐器之一。PIPASeveralrelatedinstrumentsinEastandSoutheastAsiaarederivedfromthePIPA;theseincludetheJapanesebiwa日本琵琶,theVietnameseđntỳb,andtheKoreanbipa伽倻琴.TheKoreaninstrumentistheonlyoneofthethreethatisnolongerused.Attemptstorevivetheinstrumenthavefailed,althoughexamplessurviveinmuseum大絃嘈嘈如急雨:Theboldstringsrattledlikesplattersofsuddenrain,小絃切切如私語:Thefinestringshummedlikelovers'whispers.嘈嘈切切錯雜彈:Chatteringandpattering,patteringandchattering,大珠小珠落玉盤:Aspearls,largeandsmall,onajadeplatefall.PipawithChinesepoesyByBaiJuyiClassicalmusicofPipa•武曲：文曲以抒情写景为主,委婉、缠绵•《Ambush》《十面埋伏》•《Disarmouring》《霸王卸甲》•文曲以戏剧性的表现为主,激烈、壮观•《春江花月夜》•《夕阳箫鼓》•《昭君出塞》•《汉宫秋月》•文武曲：•《阳春白雪》•《高山流水》Konghou箜篌•ThemainfeaturethatdistinguishesthemodernkonghoufromtheWesternconcertharpisthatthemodernkonghou'sstringsarefoldedovertomaketworows,whichenablesplayerstouseadvancedplayingtechniquessuchasvibratoandbendingtones.Thetworowsofstringsalsomakeitsuitableforplayingswiftrhythmsandovertones.Thekonghou(Chinese:箜篌;pinyin:kōnghóu)isanancientChineseharp.Thekonghou,alsoknownaskanhou,[citationneeded]wentextinctsometimeintheMingDynasty,butwasrevivedinthe20thcentury.Themoderninstrumentdoesnotresembletheancientone.箜篌KONGHOUIntroductionofKonghou•Tonecolor:•mellowandliquid•柔美清澈•Thekonghouwasusedtoplayyayue(courtmusic)intheKingdomofChu.DuringtheHanDynasty(206BC–220AD)thekonghouwasusedinqingshangyue(amusicgenre).BeginningintheSuiDynasty(581-618),thekonghouwasalsousedinyanyue(banquetmusic).KonghouplayingwasmostprevalentintheSuiandTangdynasties.Itwasgenerallyplayedinritesandceremoniesandgraduallyprevailedamongtheordinarypeople.箜篌•Thewo-konghou,orhorizontalkonghou,wasfirstmentionedinwrittentextsintheSpringandAutumnperiod(770–476BC).Thesu-konghou,orverticalkonghoufirstappearedintheEasternHanDynasty(25–220AD).Thephoenix-headedkonghouwasintroducedfromIndiaintheEasternJinDynasty(317-420AD).DifferentcategoriesofkonghouDifferentcategoriesofkonghouLoveTragedyof“apoemforJiao’swife”•汉乐府《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》中即有“十三能织素，十四学裁衣，十五弹箜篌，十六诵诗书”•《PeotryanthologyofYuefu》•ThegirlhastolearnalotofcraftincludingKonhouwhentheyareveryyounginancientChina.Guzheng古筝IntroductionofGuzheng•Themodern-dayguzhengisaplucked,half-tubezitherwithmovablebridgesand21strings,althoughitcanhaveanywherefrom15to25strings(acustomizedversionexistswithmorethan34strings)•TonecolorisDulcet.优美动听的•Theguzheng,orguzheng(Chinese:古筝;pinyin:gǔzhēng)orzheng(筝)(gu-meansancient)isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.Itbelongstothezitherfamilyofstringinstrument•Theguzhenghasalargeresonantcavitymadefromwutongwood(Paulowniatomentosa).Othercomponentsmaybemadefromotherwoods,usuallyforstructuralanddecorativepurposes.HistoryofGuzheng•TheguzhenghasexistedsincetheWarringStatesPeriodandbecameespeciallypopularduringtheQindynasty.Theancientguzhenghad12strings,whichgraduallyevolvedintoitcurrentforms.•Theguzhengistunedtoapentatonicscale,the16-stringzhengistunedtogivethreecompleteoctaves,whilethe21-stringzhenghasfourcompleteoctaves.幽雅•AmodernguzhengTheguzhengshouldnottobeconfusedwiththeguqin,anotherancientChinesezitherbutwithoutbridges.ThedifferencebetweenGuqinandGuzhengCelebratedmusicOfGuZheng《渔舟唱晚》《出水莲》《高山流水》《林冲夜奔》《侗族舞曲》《汉宫秋月》《寒鸦戏水》《东海渔歌》《香山射鼓》《战台风》Bianzhong编钟Thechime-bell,castwithbronze,isamemberofthepercussioninstrumentfamilyinancientChina.Itconsistsofovalbellsindifferentsizesarrangedtotheorderofthepitch,whicharehungonahugebellcot.Differenttonescanbeproducedwhenbeatingthebellswithawoodhammerandalongstick,andbeautifulmusiccanbeperformedwhenbeatingtothetune•Thechime-bellsofKingYioftheZengStateareacompletesetofpercussioninstrumentexcavatedfromthetombofKingYioftheZengStateintheWarringStatesPeriod(433B.C.).Itreflectstheluxuriouslifeofthearistocratsinthatperiod,aswellastheproficiencyinbronzecastinginancientChina•Itistheembodimentofourgreatachievementinbronzecasting,ourproficiencyinmusicscienceandthewisdomofourpeopleinancientChina.It'sarealprideofourancestorBianzhong•Theexcavationofthechime-bellsastoundedtheworld'sarcheologicalsociety,sinceit'sextremelyrareintheworldculturalhistorytofindsuchexquisitemusicalinstrumentsandmagnificentbandexistedover2000yearsago.FamousmusicofBianzhong•竹枝词（编种与编磬）•春江花月夜（古乐合奏）•屈原问渡（古乐合奏）•楚殇（编钟名曲）•幽兰（古琴与编钟）•国殇（古乐合奏）•送孟浩然之广陵（古乐合奏）Thankyou!•Wehaveintroducedfourmusicalinstruments•Weareproudofourforefather•ThankfortheirwisdomTheend