新概念英语第3册第14课

1Lesson14Anoblegangster1.nobleadj.(nobler,noblest)1.havingfinepersonalqualitiesthatpeopleadmire,suchascourage,honestyandcareforothers崇高的；品质高尚的e.g.(1)伟大的领袖anobleleader(2)他为了高尚的事业而牺牲。Hediedforanoblecause.2.belongingtoafamilyofhighsocialrank贵族的；高贵的e.g.出身高贵的人amanofnoblebirthadv.nobly['nəubli]n.apersonwhocomesfromafamilyofhighsocialrank;amemberofthenobility出身高贵的人；贵族成员nobility[nəu'biliti]n.1.(thenobility)贵族2.[u](fml)thequalityofbeingnobleincharacter高贵的品质2.gangster['gæŋstə]n.amemberofagroupofviolentcriminals匪徒；歹徒；土匪e.g.芝加哥的歹徒Chicagogangsters3.在指时间或地点的名词之后，可用when和where表达定语从句中atwhich或inwhich的含义，如：e.g.(1)你能否提出一个对我们双方都方便的会面时间吗？Canyousuggestatimewhen/atwhichitwillbeconvenientforbothofustomeet?(2)她知道一处我们可在那儿找到野草莓的树林。Sheknowsawoodwhere/inwhichwecanfindwildstrawberries.只有当指时间或地点的名词/先行词在从句中起到时间状语或地点状语作用时，才可使用关系副词when或where引导的定语从句，如：e.g.(1)那是她所能找到的对我们双方都方便的会面时间。That’sthetime(which)shehasfoundtobeconvenientforbothofustomeet.(2)他告诉了她孩子们玩捉迷藏时发现的那个藏身之处。Hetoldherthehiddenplace(which)thechildrenfoundwhileplayinghide-and-seek.虽然上两例中的先行词指时间和地点，但由于它们在定语从句中起到的是宾语作用（即指Shehasfoundthetimetobeconvenientforbothofustomeet和thechildrenfoundthehiddenplacewhileplayinghide-and-seek）,因此只能使用关系代词which/that引导这两个定语从句。4.pay(paid,paid)Vt.支付，付钱给e.g.那条裙子你付了多少钱？Howmuchdidyoupayforthatdress?注：为某件东西或某项服务付钱用payfore.g.(1)你付给面包师多少钱？Howmuchdidyoupaythebaker?(2)我来付你修理费。2Letmepayyoufortherepair.注：付某人钱用paysb.,为某事付某人钱时用paysb.forsth.但付账单时用payabill,如：e.g.我已付了账单。Ihavepaidthebill.vi.付款，交款e.g.(1)我将用支票付款。I’llpaybycheque.(AmEcheck).(2)杰克付了饮料钱。Jackpaidforthedrinks.n.工资，薪金e.g.(1)酬金不少。Thepayisgood.(2)她失去了三周的薪水。Shelostthreeweeks’pay.5.sum[sʌm]n.1.[c,(of)]anamount(ofmoney)金额e.g.我得花一大笔[大笔大笔的]钱才把它弄回来。Ihadtospendalargesum/largesumsofmoneytogetitback.2.thetotalproducedwhennumbers,amounts,etc.,areaddedtogether和；总数；总和e.g.6加4之和为10.Thesumof6and4is10.insum(fml)usedtointroduceashortstatementofthemainpointsofadiscussion,speech,etc.总之，总而言之sumv.(-mm-)sumup/sumsthuptostatethemainpointsofsthinashortandclearform总结；概括synonym:summarizee.g.(1)概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。Tosumup,therearethreemainwaystodealwith/solvetheproblem.(2)我能否把我们目前已经形成共识的问题作个概括？CanIjustsumupwhatwehaveagreedsofar?6.inreturn(for)作为（…的）回报；作为（…的）交换。通常指被看作有同等价值或同等意义上的回报/交换，如：e.g.(1)对你的好意，他做了些什么呢？Whatdidhedoinreturnforyourkindness?(2)他们给予了我们极大的帮助，但我们真为拿不出什么来报答他们而感到遗憾。Theyhavehelpedusalot,butwereallyfeelsorrythatwehavenothingtogivetheminreturn.7.protection[prə'tekʃən]n.1.[u]theactofprotectingorstateofbeingprotected保护；保障；庇护；防卫；抵御e.g.她那单薄的外衣不怎么御寒。Herthincoatgave/providedlittleprotectionagainstthecold.2.[u]also(protectionmoney)(informal)(付给黑社会分子的)保护费3.somethingthatprotects保护物e.g.鞋是用来保护脚的。3Shoesareaprotectionforthefeet.v.protect(against,from)tokeepsafe,esp.byguardingorcovering保护，维护，防护e.g.(1)这些珍禽受到专门法令的保护-它们是受保护的物种。Theserarebirdsareprotectedbyspeciallaws---theyareprotectedspecies.(2)维护自己的名誉toprotectone’sreputation(3)戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。Wearingdarkglassescanprotectyoureyesfromthesun.8.prompt[prɔmpt]adj.1.(ofanaction)donequickly,atonce,orattherighttime(行动)立刻的；迅速的；准时的e.g.(1)如蒙即期结账,则不胜感激。Promptpaymentofbillsisgreatlyappreciated.(2)他付房租从不拖延。Heispromptinpayinghisrent.(租金,租费)(3)Ican'tunderstandit;he'susuallyveryprompt.我不明白这是怎么回事,他通常很准时的。adv.promptlyv.promptv.tocauseorurge促使；催促，引起e.g.(1)看到船使他想起遥远的故乡。Thesightoftheshipspromptedthoughtsofhisdistanthome.(2)他的答复促使我再提一个问题。Hisreplypromptedmetoaskanotherquestion.9.outofbusiness倒闭，破产putv.tocausetobeinthestatedcondition使处于（某种状态）e.g.(1)他把自己的书整理好了。Heputhisbooksinorder.(2)他那些乏味的课程总是使我昏昏欲睡。Hisboringlessonsalwaysputmetosleep.putsb.outofbusiness使……倒闭，破产10.bydestroyinghisshop用捣毁他的商店的方法在句中作方式状语，修饰动词put，介词by在这里为“以……方式”之意destroyv.todamage(sth)soseverelythatitcannotberepaired;putanendtotheexistenceof;ruin破坏，毁坏，摧残；消灭e.g.一场火毁坏了那座房屋。Afiredestroyedthehouse.11.obtainv.(ratherformal)tobecometheownerof,esp.bymeansofeffortorplanning;get（较正式）（尤指通过努力或计划）获得，得到；赢得e.g.我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。Ifinallymanagedtoobtainacopyofthereport.12.crimen.1.罪,罪行[C]e.g.谋杀罪thecrimeofmurder2.犯罪,违法犯罪活动[U]e.g.防止犯罪是警察的任务。4Itisthejobofthepolicetopreventcrime.3.违反道德的行为,罪过[C]e.g.浪费食物是一种罪过。It'sacrimetowastefood.criminal['kriminəl]n.apersonwhoisguiltyofcrime犯人，罪犯[C]e.g.惯犯ahardened(有经验的)criminaladj.beingacrime犯罪的；犯法的e.g.犯罪行为：criminalbehavior13.aslongagoas追溯到……，早在……作时间状语，说明动作made发生的时间，如：e.g.我早在1960年就认识他了。Iknewhimaslongagoastheyear1960.14.Sirn.(atitleusedbeforethefirstnameofaknightorbaronet用于男爵或从男爵名字之前的尊称)爵士(baronet['bærənit]n.从男爵)（knightn.(近代英国的)爵士）e.g.詹姆斯·威尔逊爵士SirJamesWilson詹姆斯爵士SirJames（不能称SirWilson）15.remarkableadj.(for)worthmentioning,esp.becauseunusualornoticeable(尤褒)值得注意的；十分不平常的；出众的Opposite:unremarkablee.g.(1)他是一位杰出的语言学家。Heisaremarkablelinguist.(2)非常壮观的日落（景象）amostremarkablesunset(3)芬兰以它的众多湖泊著称。Finlandisremarkableforthelargenumberofitslakes.adv.remarkably(usedesp.withadjectivesandadverbs尤与形容词和副词连用)不寻常地；突出地e.g.(1)他唱得特别好。Hesingsremarkablywell.(2)特别晴朗的一天。aremarkablyfinedayremarkv.tosayesp.sththatonehasjustnoticed;giveasanopinion谈到；说起e.g.他说天色不早了。Heremarkedthatitwasgettinglate.remarkon/uponsth.(fml)tonoticeandsayorwritesthabout(正式)评论；谈论e.g.人人对他的缺席都评论了一番。Everyoneremarkedo