3.3-一-导入与宾语从句

英语语法1.词法2.句法3.特殊结构概说•1.词法：•冠词、代词、副词和形容词、动词、虚拟语气等•2.句法•名词从句、定语从句、状语从句•3.特殊结构•强调结构、倒装结构、否定结构、独立主格结构等•英文句子的组成成分：•主要有七种：主语、谓语、宾语（还有一种特例叫表语）、定语、状语、补语和同位语。•Yesterday,Ifoundaredappledecayedonthetable.•主语：•主语是句子要说明人或事物，可以由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、what从句、that从句、how从句等组成。•Mybrotheristallerthanme.•Itisimportanttokeephealthy.(主语后置)•Thattheywillgoiscertain.•谓语：•谓语主要说明主语的动作、状态或特征，英语中，谓语永远只能由动词构成。•Myheadaches.•Applesareonekindoffruits.•宾语：•宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。能作宾语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、that从句、what从句、how从句。•Hecanplaypiano.•Thetreeistall.•(be动词后面的名词或者形容词是一种特殊宾语，也叫表语)•EveryoneknowsthattheEarthisround.•定语：•修饰名词的成分叫定语。•Aredapple.•Footballisagamewhichislikedbyboys.•状语：•状语可修饰动词、形容词或者全句。•Theyareallconfident.•IlikeEnglishverymuch.•Therearesomeapplesonthetable.•补语：•所谓补语，在雅思作文里主要是宾补，即：V.+N.+N./adj.•findthelawunfair•makeheworkhard•同位语•表示名词的内容，对其加以阐明或解释。•Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadlostthegame.•Ihadnoideathateveryonewashere.•请指出下列划线部分是句子的什么成分。•1.Thefirststepthatshouldbetakenistoimprovethelivingconditionsofallelderlypeople.•2.Increasedinvestmentinpublictransportwouldresultinamoreefficienttransportsystem.3.Everyyearmillionsofanimalsdieduetotheinhumaneexperimentsperformeduponthem.•[Thefirststep][thatshouldbetaken][is][toimprovethe•主语定语从句谓语表语livingconditionsofallelderlypeople].•[Increased][investmentinpublictransport][wouldresult•定语主语谓语in][amoreefficient][transportsystem].定语宾语[Everyyear][millionsofanimals][die][dueto状语主语谓语theinhumaneexperimentsperformeduponthem].状语•句子的分类：简单句、并列句和复合句（从结构上分类）•1.简单句：只有一套主谓结构•简单句的五种基本句型•主语+动词•Myheadaches.我头痛。•主语+系动词+表语•Frankisclever.弗兰克很聪明。•主语+动词+宾语•Mysisterenjoyedtheplay.我姐姐喜欢那出戏。•主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语•HegaveTomawatch.(表示人的宾语为间接宾语，表示物的宾语是直接宾语)•主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语•IfoundlearningEnglishfun.•翻译练习：•1.他给我一块手表。•2.我送给汤姆一个书包。•3.老师们都觉得弗兰克很聪明。•4.他告诉我那个消息。•并列句•“主谓宾”+“主谓宾”，中间用and/or/but/yet等连词中的一个串起来。•Hewordedhardbuthefailed.•Yousuccessoryoudie.•Igotolibraryand(I)dosomereading.•复合句•包含两个或两个以上的主谓结构，其中有一个主句，和一个或一个以上的从句。•可分为：•主语从句•宾语从句•表语从句•定语从句•状语从句•同位语从句1.宾语从句•在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。•EverybodyknowsthattheEarthisround.•Thisreliesonhowmuchyoucanpayforit.•Iamnotsurewhetherthetrainwillarriveontime.•动词后面的部分是宾语。•练一练•口头翻译下面的句子：•1.HewonderedhowtheGreatWallwasbuilt.•2.Ibelieve(that)theywillfinishtheworkintime.•3.Iwentinandaskedif/whethertherewasaJohnlivingthere.•4.Idon’tcarewhereyouwillgo.•5.Mendifferfromotheranimalsinthattheycanspeakandthink.•6.Theyareconfidentthattheycandothejobwell.•7.Thepicturewasverygoodexceptthatthecolorwasabittooheavy.•8.Heaskedwhatmynamewas.•9.Idon’tknowwhothemanis.•连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how都可以引导宾语从句。•1.Acomputercanonlydo()youhaveinstructedittodo.•A.howB.afterC.whatD.when•Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.•AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose•Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.•AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich•Mothertoldme_______shewasgoingtobuyadictionaryforme.•a.thatb.ifc.whatd.whose宾语从句的三种类型•做动词的宾语•1.HewonderedhowtheGreatWallwasbuilt.•2.Ibelieve(that)theywillfinishtheworkintime.•3.Iwentinandaskedif/whethertherewasaJohnlivingthere.•4.Idon’tcarewhetheryoucomeornot.做动词的宾语•后面跟that引导的宾语从句的动词有：•answerdecideadmitdenyinsistsaythink•seehearnotice•后面常跟what,why,whether/if等引导宾语从句的动词有：•Askdoubtwonderquestionadvise等•有的动词有：动词+间接宾语+宾语从句•常见的有：•Tell,inform,remind,show,teach,advise,ask,promise,question,warn等•Hetoldmewherehewasstaying.•IpromisedherthatIwouldgivehimmorehelp.•1.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild()heorshewants.•A.howeverB.whatever•C.whicheverD.whenever•2.Iwonder()wecandoaboutit.•A.ifB.howC.whatD.that•3.Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow()•Ittakestostartabusinesshere.•A.howB.whatC.whenD.which做介词的宾语1.Thisreliesonhowmuchyoucanpayforit.2.Mendifferfromotheranimalsinthattheycanspeakandthink.3.Thepicturewasverygoodexceptthatthecolorwasabittooheavy.•1.that引导的宾语从句除了有时可以和介词In，except,but,besides等构成固定用法外，不能用作其他介词的宾语。•2.有时会碰到“介词+it+that”结构。这时，it被看成是that从句的形式宾语。•Youmaydependonitthattheywillbebyyourside.•I’llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.•个别动词也用“动词+it+that”结构，看成习惯用法记住，如：hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto,appreciate•Ihateitthatstudentscheatintheexamination.•Itakeitthattheywillsucceed.•只要明白有这种结构就可以！•Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor()Iaminside.•A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how•MealsinSpainarequitedifferentfrom()theyhaveinChina.•A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whom做形容词的宾语Iamnotsurewhetherthetrainwillarriveontime.Theyareconfidentthattheycandothejobwell.注意：•that可以省略，但在以下情况除外：•1.在demand/desire/insist/order/propose/•recommend/require/suggest等表示决定、要求、愿望、命令、建议等动词后，that不可以省略，从句常用（should+）动词原形。•Heinsistthatthechild(should)besenttothehospital.•Theteachersuggestthatweshouldpreviewthebook.2.若动词有两个以上的宾语从句，则第一个that可以省略，而后面从句中的that不能省略。Hetoldme(that)hewasborninChina,andthathespokeChinese.•3.从句中如有形式宾语，连接真正宾语的that不可省略。•Wemadeitarulethatwedidexerciseinthemorning.•Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotbecoming.•Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotbecoming.•动词find/feel/think/consider/make/believe等后有宾语补足语时，需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。练一练，连词成句•Consider，I，it，that，thesuperstar，sad，is，adrugaddict•Ifeel，exciting，that，wehave，thisSunday，aparty，it•We，it，arule,wedidexercise,made,that,inthemorning•宾语从句的时态呼应•1.如果主句的谓语是过去时，宾语从句的时态