您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 名词语法讲解课件PPT
语法专题(一)名词MISSWang名词要点精讲名词是英语考试中的热点和难点。从语法和词汇两个方面来考察其用法,在单项选择、完形、改错中都可感知高考中名词的考查点。专有名词(ProperNouns)普通名词(CommonNouns)个体名词(IndividualNouns)集体名词(CollectiveNouns)物质名词(MaterialNouns)抽象名词(AbstractNouns)不可数名词(UncountableNouns)可数名词(CountableNouns)专有名词ProperNouns:指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;NewYear’sDay注意:专有名词的第一个字母要大写普通名词CommonNouns:一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词1.个体名词:指作为个体而存在的人或东西可以指具体的人或物。Eg:aunts;apanda;apartments也可指抽象东西。Eg:ayear;fairytales;adream2.集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看。一般来说,视为整体时作单数看,突出它的成员时作复数看。Hisfamily_____notlarge.(be)Cf:Hisfamily______allmusiclovers.(be)在一些情况下,集体名词后单复数动词都可以用,没什么差别。Eg:Theaudiencewas(were)excitedbytheshow.isare有少数集体名词通常用作单数。Eg:OurcompanyissendinghimtoworkinBerlin.个别集体名词则多作复数看待。Eg:Thepolicearelookingforhim.3.物质名词:指无法分为个体的物质。Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil一般来说,物质名词是不可数的,因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况:1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Eg:Twostrongblackcoffees,please.(两份)Threebeers,please.(三杯)Itwasaspecialtea.(一种)2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。Eg:rains(雨季)sands(沙滩)snows(积雪)waters(海域)…4.抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.多数情况下,这种名词常用于单数形式,不加任何冠词。Eg:He’slearningFrenchforfun.Iwishyougoodluck.抽象名词转化为可数名词。Failureisthemotherofsuccess.(失败与成功在此为抽象概念)Asateacher,sheisasuccess,butasamother,sheisafailurebecauseshedevoteslittletimetolookingafterherchild.(成功者,失败者,可数)二、名词的数不可数名词一般没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。例如:health,advice,glass,wood,English,America不可数名词作主语,谓语动词须用单数形式。情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音+y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies五个加-es,其他加s把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishesLadies;countries;Heroes;tomatoesHalves;leaves;可数名词有单、复数之分。可数名词的复数形式有以下几种:不规则复数:1、元音变化:man--menwoman--womenmouse--micefoot--feettooth--teethgoose--geese2、单复数同型:fishdeersheep3、加en(ren):ox--oxenchild--children4、中国计量单位单复数同型:yuan、jin、mu......5、某国人:中日不变、英法变、其他直接来把s添。复合名词的复数形式:1.词末+-s:film-goers;forget-me-nots2.主体名词变为复数形式:lookers-on;editors-in-chief;sons-in-law3.两个组成部分皆变为复数:womendoctors;mencooks*这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman只有复数形式的情况:trousers(裤子);glasses(眼镜);compasses(圆规)apairofthanks;clothes;remains;goods;people;cattle有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass(玻璃)copper(铜)tin(锡)paper(纸)iron(铁)wood(木头)gold(金子)youth(青春)power(力量)beauty(美)pleasure(愉快)relation(关系)aglass(玻璃杯)acopper(铜币/板)atin(罐头)apaper(报纸,证件,论文)aniron(熨斗)awood(树林)agold(金牌)ayouth(年青人)apower(大国)abeauty(美人,美的东西)apleasure(使人感到愉快的事)arelation(亲戚)英语中有许多对词,一个可数,一个不可数。apoem(一首诗)amachine(一台机器)ajob(一件工作)alaugh(一个笑声)apermit(许可证)agarment(一件衣裳)abag(case)(一件行李)aloaf(一只面包)ahair(一根头发)poetry(诗歌总称)machinery(机器总称)work(工作)laughter(笑声)permission(允许)clothing(衣裳总称)luggage,baggage(行李)bread(面包)hair(头发)'s所有格的构成名词特征构成方法示例有生命的单数名词在词尾加‘sMike'sfatherJeff'sbaseball有生命的复数名词以s结尾的在词尾加’Myparents'hometown不以s结尾的在词尾加‘sThechildren'sbook几个人共同拥有的名词只在最后一个词加’sMaryandKate'shouse每个人名各自拥有的名词在每个名词后加‘sJane'sandTom'sbooks2019/10/6's所有格的构成四、名词的修饰语few几乎没有afew一些、几个many许多manya许多several若干、几个acoupleof两个、一双anumberof许多、若干agreat\largenumberof许多little很少、几乎没有alittle有一点much许多abitof有一点agreat\gooddealof许多alargeamountof许多some一些any一些、任何alotof很多lotsof很多all全部的plentyof充足的enough足够的most大多数的hardlyany几乎没有therestof剩下的1._______turngreeninspring.(NMET1986)A.LeafB.LeafsC.LeaveD.Leaves2.Hedroppedthe_______andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffee’scupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup(NMET1993)3.Ineed_______cloth,forI’mgoingtomake_______clothes.(上海1993)A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot历年高考试题4.Hegainedhis_______byprinting_______offamouswriters.(NMET1995)A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works5.Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,windandotherformsof_______.A.energyB.sourceC.powerD.material(上海1996)6.You’llfindthismapofgreat_______inhelpingyoutogetroundLondon.(NMET1998)A.priceB.costC.valueD.usefulness7.----Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?----_______.(上海1998)A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmers’C.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s8.Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyown_______ofliving.(上海1998)A.wayB.methodC.mannerD.fashion9.Thelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisa(n)_______ofcourageandpower.A.exampleB.signC.markD.symbol(上海1998)10.Wevolunteeredtocollectmoneytohelpthe_______oftheearthquake.(上海1998)A.victimsB.folksC.fellowsD.villagers11.Ifyoudon’ttakeawayallyourthingsfromthedesk,therewon’tbeenough_______formystationery.(上海1998)A.areaB.placeC.roomD.surface12.Itiswidelyacceptedthatyoungbabieslearntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto_______.(上海2000)A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results13.Inthebotanicgardenwecanfinda(n)_______ofplantsthatrangefromtalltreestosmallflowers.(上海2001)A.speciesB.groupC.amountD.variety14.----Canyoushootthatbirdatthetopofthetree?----No,it’soutof_______.(上海2001)A.rangeB.reachC.controlD.distance15.ThelifeofLondonismadeupofmanydifferent_______.(上海2001)A.elementsB.sectionsC.materialD.realities16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm_______.A.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate(上海2002)17.Toregaintheir______afteranexhaustinggame,theplayerslayinthegrass.(上海2002)A.forceB.energyC.powerD.health18.IsawBobplaythepi
本文标题:名词语法讲解课件PPT
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-1363489 .html