高中英语语法动词时态

动词的时态2各时态的介绍与举例1考点全析3时态辨析构成形式一般体完成体进行体完成进行体现在时一般现在现在完成现在进行现在完成进行过去时一般过去过去完成过去进行过去完成进行将来时一般将来将来完成将来进行将来完成进行过去将来时一般过去将来过去将来完成过去将来进行过去将来完成进行体时考点全析一般体完成体进行体完成进行体现在时过去时将来时过去将来时体时Do/doesDidWill/shalldoShould/woulddoHave/hasdoneHaddoneWill/shallhavedoneAm/is/aredoingWas/weredoingShall/willbedoingDo/does一般过去时(simplepasttense)•核心用法：发生在过去，与现在无关•结构：V-ed或特殊结构nowthenpractice（12天津）Thethreeofus____aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.A.travelledB.havetravelledC.hadtravelledD.travel（11山东）WhenIgotonthebus,I_____Ihadleftmywalletathome.A.wasrealizingB.realizedC.haverealizedD.wouldrealize现在完成时（话里有话）核心用法：发生于过去，与现在有关.结构：have/has+done影响性持续性Shehasbeenateacherfor20years.Ihavefinishedmywork．•在“未完成”的现在完成时中，动作是从过去一直延续到现在的动作，因此动词一定是持续性的，非延续性动词不具备这个特点。因此，非延续性动词可以有现在完成时（表示已完成的动作），却不可以与表示一段时间的状语连用！•Ihaveboughtthecarfortwomonths.•Ihavehad/keptthecarfortwomonths.X•但非延续性动词在否定句中，可以和段时间状语连用，表示一种状态，状态是可以延续的Ihaven’tseenyouforages.•非延续----延续表示“没有见面’这一状态Begin---beondie---bedeadleave----beawayfrombuy---haveGo----beawayarrive---behereBorrow---keepCome----behereReturn---beback•在时间条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将来完成意义•Hewillcomeassoonashehasfinishedthehomework.•IfyouhavereadthebookbeforeIleave,pleaselendittome.高考链接（10全国1）Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou___safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive（09全国2）Progress______sofarverygoodandwesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.willbe（13济南一模）---Areyoucomingtotheparty?---No,I________.A．hadn'tinvitedB．didn'tinviteC．wasn'tinvitedD．haven'tbeeninvited一般过去与现在完成的区别Ilostmykey.Ihavelostmykey.已完成性未完成性(13济宁一模)---youseemtobefamiliarwiththiscity.---I___hereforthreeyears.It’sgreattobeback.AhavelivedBlivedChadlivedDliveB:thenA:now高考链接(07福建)Danny______hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.worked(2013济南二模)Sheisawell-knowndoctornow,butshe____asacleaneratthehospitalforfiveyears．A．hasworkedB．workedC．hadworkedD．works一般现在时•要点：现在的状态（具一定可持续性）经常习惯性动作.•结构：原型/单三Hewritestohisparentsonceamonth.Somepeoplestillliveinpoverty.特殊用法1、客观真理、事实Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Themoonrunsaroundtheearth.2、规定发生的动作（离开、起飞、节目表、日程表）leave,arrive,start,stay,return,begin,come等Thetrainarrivesat10:30.There’splentyoftime.3、用于比赛、剧情介绍、书报标题、故事的叙述.JackthrowstheballtoJohnandJohncatchesit.Hesitsdown,shiversalittle.Clockoutsidestrikestwelve.4、时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表将来动作.Whenyoumeethim,tellhimtocometomyplace.Butwewon’tgoifitrains.高考链接(10北京)InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,thersoundsattheendofthewords.A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped（09福建）Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespeare___hischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.A.willmakeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.makes现在进行时•用法：说话此刻、现阶段（说话时未必进行）正在进的动作或状态•结构:am/is/are+ingThechildrenaresingingafinesong.Theworkersarebuildinganewfactory.高考链接（11重庆）Thatpieceofmusicsoundsquitefamiliar.Who_____thepianoupstairs?A.hasplayedB.playedC.playsD.isplaying（08重庆）Teenagerstheirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamagedB.aredamagingC.damagedD.willdamage现在进行时的特殊用法1.表将来Go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，drive,stop等非延续性动词Thetrainisarrivingsoon.whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?areyoustayinghereforalongtime?高考链接(12湖南)“Themoment_____soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.A．cameB．hascomeC．wascomingD．iscoming(12重庆).Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea____Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snothingleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout2.带感情色彩.与always,forever,constantly,continually,allthetime等副词连用，表示不满、抱怨或赞美等情感Heisalwaysthinkingofothersfirst.thechildrenareconstantlydisturbingus.要点：动作从故去某时开始延续到现在，是否再继续，再来看题意现在完成进行时结构：have/hasbeendoing一直•Wehavebeenlookingforyouforanhour.•ShehasbeenteachingEnglishsinceshegraduated.动作刚停止动作还在继续进行高考链接（11北京）Tominthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.havebeenworkingD.hadbeenworking(11全国)WhenAlicecameto（醒来）,shedidnotknowhowlongshethere.A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain特殊用法---带情感She’sbeensayingthattwentytimes.Hehasbeencallingonherseveraltimesthisweek.现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别IhavereadHarryPotter.我读过哈利波特(动作完成)IhavebeenreadingHarryPotter.我一直在读哈利波特（动作未完成，强调时间持续性）对于非延续性动词，现在完成强调动作的完成性，着重结果；现在完成表示动作的进行，动作的持久性。状态动词、知觉动词或情感动词，如see,feel,know,love等，不可用于现在完成进行时“一直”，或现在进行时，但feel可以用现在进行时。但可用于现在完成时Ihaveknownherforalongtime.我认识他很久了Ihavebeenknowningherforalongtime.X过去进行时用法：过去的某一时间正在进行或者某阶段一直进行.结构：was/were+ingIwaswritingaletterwhenshecamein.Theywerediggingarailwaytunnellastweek.过去进行时的特殊用法1.表将来Go，come，stay，leave，start，begin，arrive，return，fly，drive,stop等非延续性动词•ShetoldmethatshewasleavingforItalythenextday.2.带感情色彩.与always,forever,constantly,continually,allthetime等副词连用.•ShewasalwaysringingmeupwhenIwasinLondon.•Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey.高考链接（10全国1）—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—N0,Imyhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do要点：过去的过去----|-----------------|-----------------|----那时以前B那时A现在过去完成时结构：haddone.特殊用法判断依据•明显的时间状语---by的3种形式•从句中有明显的动作先后—从句•固定句式practice---时间状语Shehadlearnt2000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.Ihadreachedthestationbeforesixo’clock.Ihadfinishedreadingthe