褐潮土长期定位不同施肥制度土壤生产功能演化研究

Vol132,No15pp1683-689May,2006ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA325200656836893(,100081):14,,NP,14,NPKCKNNKPK459%386%280%205%()154%108%87%78%();NPK+M(NPK)NPK12%,NPK+S(NPK)NPKNPKNPK()NP,NN,NPKN,16kgPkgN()14kgPkgN();,P,10P4157;K10NK,NPKK,K;21kgPt25kgPt,37kgPtNPKNPNP;NPKNPK;NPK:;;;:S147TheDynamicsofCropYieldsunderDifferentFertilizationSystemsinDrabFluvo2aquicSoilLIXiu2Ying,LIYan2Ting,ZHAOBing2Qiang3,LIXiao2Ping,WANGLi2XiaandZHANGZhen2Shan(InstituteofResourcesandRegionalPlanning,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China)Abstract:Thestudyondynamicsofcropyields,sustainableyieldindex(SYI)andagronomicefficiencyoffertilizerunderdifferentfertilizationsystemsincludingthetreatmentsofN,NP,NK,PK,NPK,NPK+M(manure),NPK+S(cropstraw)andCK(nofertilizer)werecarriedoutbasedon14yearslongtermfertilizerexperimentinDrabFluvo2aquicsoilinBeijing1TheresultsshowedthatNandPweretwocruciallimitednutrientsofcropyieldinDrabFluvo2aquicSoil1InNPKtreatmentyieldofwheatwasincreasedby459%,386%,280%,205%,andcornby154%,108%,87%,78%,respectively,comparedwiththeseinCK,N,NK,PKtreatments1TheyieldofNPK+Mtreatmentwasmore12%thanthatofNPKtreatment1However,theyieldofNPK+SwassimilartothatoftheNPKtreatment1ThesustainableyieldindexesofNPK,NPK+MandNPK+Streatmentsweregreaterthanthoseofothertreatments1Theoutputofyieldsperunitfertilizer(i1e1agronomicefficiencyoffertilizer,AEF)wasvariedconsiderablywithdifferentcropsandcombinationsoffertilizersapplied1TheAEFofNforwheatandcornbysingleuseofNfertilizerwasreduced,whilethatofNPKtreatmentwas16kgPkgNforwheatand14kgPkgNforcornandhadanincreasetendencyduringtheexperimentperiod1TheAEFofPinwheatwasgreaterthanthatincorn,furthermore,theAEFofPwas415710timeshigherthanthatatthebeginningoftheexperiment10yearsago1TheAEFofKwasnegativeinNKtreatment,whileincreasedrapidlyinNPKtreatmentafter102yearcropcultivation;Kwasalsooneofcriticallimitednutrientsforcropyield1TheAEFoffarmyardmanure(FYM)inNPK+Mtreatmentwas21kgPtofwheatand25kgPtforcorn,whiletheAEFofcropstrawinNPK+Streatmentwasnegativeforwheatand37kgPtforcorn1SoilO1M.,totalN,PandavailableN,P,KcontentwereincreasedinNPKtreatment1TheaccumulationsofsoilO1M.andN,P,KnutrientswereacceleratedinNPK+MandNPK+Streatments1Onthecontrary,totalN,totalPwereexhaustedinthetreatmentswithoutN,Pfertilizer1AvailableP,KhadthesamevariationtrendinthetreatmentswithoutP,Kfertilizer1:(30471012)(973)(2001CCB008002003CCB00300):(1969),,,,,3(Correspondingauthor):Tel:[phone],E2mail:bqzhao@sohu1comReceived():2005205217;Accepted():20052092271©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(SYI);Agronomicefficiencyoffertilizer(AEF)2080,[125],[627],[6],[8]160,[6],,,[9],14,,,,1111,4013,11614,4315m,11,104500,600mm,1065mm,210d,1990,,,:121310gPkg01805gPkg01687gPkg141582gPkg4162mgPkg65127mgPkg407160mgPkgpH81221128,(1)(CK),;(2)(N);(3)(NP);(4)(NK);(5)(PK);(6)(NPK);(7)+(NPK+M);(8)+(NPK+S),,,,N150kgPhm2P2O575kgPhm2K2O45kgPhm2;M,2215tPhm2;S,2125tPhm2,11,200m2,113,,NPK,(5)[10],(),2,,2,,,Olsen,1molPL2,pH2151,2211211111,14NPKNPK,NP,PKPNKN,CKNPK+MNPKNPK+SNPPKNKNCK533%459%448%368%83%47%15%,,NPKNPK(CK)NPK(PKNKN)CK,20010134tPhm2,3(19911993)35%,;NNKPK,20012004NPK10%9%20%,N2(19911992)CK,,CKCK,200120043(19911993)38%,,PK,,NPK,,[11212]NK3,1169tPhm2,20012004325%,348632©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(NP),,,PNNPK,200120041991199344%,10NPKNP19911999NPK,NPK98%,,10,20002004NPK66%10,KKK,,[13](NPK+MNPK+S)NPK,,NPK+MNPK+S200120041991199337%17%,NPK,NPK,,,NPK+SNPK,NPK+MNPK13%,NPK21112,NPKNPK,NP,PKNKN,CKNPK+MNPK+SNPKNPPKNKNCK182%158%153%120%42%36%22%,,NPK(2),,CK200120041991199365%,;PK2172tPhm2,NPK56%,NNK,200120041991199358%49%,,3(19911993)PK,,N,P;NPK14NNKPK108%87%78%,NP5865:©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(SYI)[14215],SYISYI=(…Y-n-1)PYmax,…Y,n-1,Ymax,,[16217]1,NPK(NP),,(19911999NPNPK98%),,,,10,NPK66%,NPKNPK+MNPK+S(NNKPK),,NPKNPKNPK,NNK,NPKNPK+MNPK+S,PK,,,NPKNPK+MNPK+S,NPK56%,,NP,SYI,(NPK87%),,,2132,,NN,016kgPkgN;NPK16kgPkgN,,N,N,PK,,,;N,NN,3kgPkgN,NPK14kgPkgN68632©1994-2007ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(SYI),CVandstandarddeviationforcornandwheatinfluencedbyvarioustreatmentsincorn2wheatcroppingsystemsTreatmentWheatSD(tPhm2)CV(%)SYICornSD(tPhm2)CV(%)SYICK01274217701240172371650139N01344614901261125531890119NP01742512101531146341610141NK01495216901261120461320125PK01453816501360168251050154NPK11052916901461139281780144NPK+M11182914701471142261370150NPK+S01912613901511136271650146:n=14,19912004Note:n=14,thecornandwheatyieldfrom1991200412Table2AnnualchangesofagronomicefficiencyforN,P2O5,K2O(kgPkg)andorganicfertilizers