国际医学教育认证的发展与现状

201195FudanEducationForum2011．Vol．9No．5··200032。、、、、。、。G649.1A1672－0059201105－0086－06DevelopmentandCurrentStatusofMedicalEducationAccreditationintheWorldWANGQing(MedicalEducationResearchUnit,ShanghaiMedicalCollegeFudanUniversity,Shanghai200032)Abstract:Asanexternalreviewsystemforhighermedicaleducationqualityassurance,theconceptandprocessofaccreditationhasbeenwidelyaccepted.Internationalinitiativestoaddressthisissueincludeinternationalorregionalcollaborationandpartnerships,thepromotionofnationalaccreditationsystems,providingtrainingprogramsforeducators,holdinginternationalconferencesorforums,andthedevelopmentofglobaldatabases.Asystemicreviewofinternationalmedicaleducationaccreditationisconducted,andconsiderablevariationsareseenfromcountrytocountryduetodifferencesinconceptrecognition,availableresourcesandpolicyorientation.Keywords:Accreditation;MedicalEducation;QualityAssurance、、。FAIMERIMED1762194[1]。、、、、、、、。。“”。2090。、、、、、86··201195FudanEducationForum2011．Vol．9No．5。。、。、[2]。、。、、。、、、、、、。。WorldFederationforMedicalEducation,WFME2001“”[3]。70、250。、———————————————。。、、、。(GeneralMedicalCouncilGMC)、(LiaisonCommitteeonMedicalEducationLCME)、(AustralianMedicalCouncilAMC)。、1/3、。。WHO、、、、。120%75%[2]。1/3。。。。200710172、、、、、、、、605559.5%。(EducationalCommissionforForeignMedicalGraduates,ECFMG)(n=35)(n=38)(n=20)(n=48)(n=8)(n=19)7(20%)26(68.4%)11(55%)32(66.7%)6(75%)9(47.4%)1(2.9%)6(15.8%)5(25%)3(6.3%)03(15.8%)27(77.1%)6(15.8%)4(20%)13(27%)2(25%)7(36.8%)1WHO87··201195FudanEducationForum2011．Vol．9No．5[4]82。、383。、WFMEWHOWFMEWHO、、、。1972WFME6AMEE、AMEEMR、AMEWPR、AMSA、PAFAMSSEARAMEWHO。WFME。1997WFME2001“”2003“”(、)。2004WFMEWHO“”12345、、。[5]WHO/WFME20041023。20055“”、、、、、、。、。LCME、AMCIMGs*(%)()2687(26.4)2672677()()617(6.1)3939()563(5.5)21;1()()CAAME-HP*()491(4.8)11()CAAME-HP()380(3.7)383,3()()372(3.7)62()339(3.3)168211(2.1)2020()206(2.0)3831,7()()→189(1.9)522ECFMG2008*IMG=InternationalMedicalgraduateCAAME-HP=CaribbeanAccreditationAuthorityforEducationinMedicineandotherHealthProfessions88··201195FudanEducationForum2011．Vol．9No．5CAAM-HP。LCME1942(AAMC)(AMA)[6]MD。17、、、。LCME20-30200。LCME、8[7]。1985GMC1985AMC[8]。GMCLCME。AMC19881921994。1995AMC。AMC。24、57。GMC。12。2003GMC2004CAAM-HP[9]。CAAM-HPLCME20097。2001WFME、、、、、[10]。、。。9[11]1957、1962、19641993、1998、1999、2001。。AMC20065WFME、AMC[12]200849《-》。、2009、20102011。、。、。WHO“”、、2007WHO/WFME2007WHO/WFME“”“”。。FAIMERIMED[13](DORA)[14]。IMED89··201195FudanEducationForum2011．Vol．9No．5、2200100。DORA、、、。DORAFAIMERFAIMERDORA。、、1.、、、。2.、。3.、、、。4.。5.、。LCME。。。、、、[11]。、。、、、。、12345“”。。。。“”“”“”“”。。、1、290··201195FudanEducationForum2011．Vol．9No．534567、、。。、、。2010ECFMG“2023ECFMGLCMEWFME。”。[1]FAIMER.FoundationforAdvancementofInternationalMedicalEducationandResearch[EB/OL].[2011-05-23].[2]ZantenM,NorciniJ,BouletJRandSimonFA.OverviewofAccreditationofUndergraduateMedicalEducationProgrammesWorldwide[J].MedicalEducation,2008(42):930-937.[3]WFME.WFMEGlobalStandardsforQualityImprovementinBasicMedicaleducation[EB/OL].[2011-05-23].[4]ZantenM.Flexner'sGlobalInfluence:MedicalEducationAccreditationinCountriesthatTrainPhysiciansWhoPursueResidencyintheUnitedStates[J].AcadMed,2010(85):324-332.[5]KarleH.GlobalStandardsandAccreditationinMedicalEducation:AViewfromtheWFME[J].AcadMed,2006,81(12suppl):43-48.[6]KassebaumDG.OriginoftheLCME,theAAMC-AMAPartnershipforAccreditation[J].AcadMed,1992(67):85-87.[7]LCME.LiaisonCommitteeonMedicalEducation[EB/OL].[2011-05-23].[8]LaurenceGeffen.AssuringMedicalStandards:theAustralianMedicalCouncil1985-2010[J].AustralianMedicalCouncilLimited,2010.[9]ZantenM,ParkinsLM,KarleHandHallockJA.AccreditationofUndergraduateMedicalEducationintheCaribbean:ReportontheCarribbeanAccreditationAuthorityforEducationinMedicineandOtherHealthProfessions[J].AcadMed,2009(84):771-775.[10]KarleH.InternationalRecognitionofBasicMedicalEducationProgrammes[J].MedicalEducation,2008(42):12-17.[11]CuetoJ,BurchC,AdnanAM,AfolabiBB,IsmailZ,JafriW,Olapade-OlaopaOO,Otieno-NyunyaB,SupeA,TogooA,VargasAL,WassermanE,MoranhanPS,BurdickWandGaryN.AccreditationofUndergraduateMedicalTrainingProgramms:PracticesinNineDevelopingCountriesAsComparedwiththeUnitedStates[J].EducationforHealth,2006,19(2):207-222.[12].[J].20077(1)7-9.[13]IMED.InternationalMedicalEducationDirectory[EB/OL].[2011-05-23].[14]DORA.DirectoryofOrganizationsthatRecognize/AccreditMedicalSchools[EB/OL].[2011-05-23].、。91··